Fine Arts

Authors: Isaac Sudweeks, Bradley Adams. Mentors: Bradley Adams. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Isopleths are graphical representation of atmospheric data used to analyze the response of an atmospheric chemical such as Ozone to the change in other chemicals in the atmosphere such as oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds. Isopleths then can be used by researchers and other to decide the best way to reduce pollutants in the atmosphere. I set out to use data processing and statistical models to better understand and interpret large experimental chemistry data through the creation of 3 dimensional isopleths. I started by splitting up the data into 2 figures that were functions of 1 variable to make simpler 2d plots. After exploring several techniques to create models such as smoothing splines, b-splines and least squares to fit a quadratic, and through using tools such as generalized cross validation, analysis of covariance, and general visual inspection, I concluded that the best model to create an isopleth is, in the case of the data I was given, a least squares fit-b spline (LSQ spline) using a small number of knots spread evenly over the range of data.

Authors: Caleb McDougal. Mentors: Nathan Usevitch. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Managing difficult terrain poses a major obstacle for current robotics. Everything from search and rescue to extraterrestrial exploration involves complex controls in unpredictable environments. One potential solution to handling such terrain is a robot that can jump. This could bypass the complex terrain handling and increase the speed at which long distances could be covered. While current robots can jump far, their jump distances decreases quickly with added payload massIn this project we propose a design that stores energy by accelerating a flywheel and converting its rotational energy into linear energy through a string system. Our proposed string system concept is similar to the string systems found in twisted string actuators. The strings slow the flywheel down while accelerating it upwards providing the energy for the jump. The primary energy storage mechanism of the robot is storing energy in the spinning mass of the flywheel. This means if we add payload mass to the flywheel we increase total energy stored. This allows us to increase payload mass without significantly affecting the total energy density of the robot. This would enable robots with heavy payloads to jump large distances.We are developing the system through building both a theoretical model as well as physical prototypes. Through analysis of the system we have determined an optimal rate of transmission as well as an optimal geometry for peak transmission. The models relate the geometry of the string system to the rate of transmission from angular to linear speed. We have created and tested prototypes as proof of concept on a small scale. Prototypes have been created using 3D printing and rapid manufacturing techniques. These have allowed us to explore the effects of different parameters.Jumping robots could traverse complex terrain and help explore rugged environments. The flywheel string system could allow the robot to effectively carry large payloads while maintaining large jump heights. The proposed jumping robot design could lead to important innovations in the fields of robotics and dynamics.

Authors: Harrison Denning, Spencer Thompson. Mentors: Jeff Hill. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Traditionally, tensegrity structures have been a subject of interest for their architectural beauty and high strength-to-weight advantage. The field of tensegrity research has since grown to include robots and more complex latticed structures. More recently, tensegrity has been used to accurately model many biological systems, such as joints and spines. Part of this modeling has involved trying to better estimate these biological systems utilizing bi-stable and multi-stiffness tensegrity structures. Our research takes a closer look at how to build and optimize bi-stable tensegrity structures with multiple stiffness modes. By optimizing tensegrity geometry or spring-cable connections between rigid members it is possible to significantly change the models’ overall equivalent stiffness between stable modes. Our research delves into how changes in the shape of rigid members create differences in overall structure geometry between stable modes and a change in stiffness between the two modes. We also discuss optimal spring cable connections and optimal individual spring constants to further increase stiffness differences between stable positions. Furtherance of this work will involve building larger and more robust models to be used on the body as wearable structures. The application of this research heads towards the development of wearable tensegrity braces with the ability to switch between higher or lower stiffnesses to cater to the needs of the wearer.

Authors: Jakob G Bates, Matthew B Snyder, Porter Adelman. Mentors: Christopher R Dillon. Insitution: Brigham Young University. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses ultrasound waves to heat up and destroy harmful cells such as tumors. In order to accurately perform this procedure the ultrasound waves must reach and accumulate at a specified target location. This can be difficult to predict because of the way that ultrasound waves reflect, refract, and lose energy within the human body. Tests are run using simulations in order to ensure successful targeting of the ultrasonic transducers. These simulations use data collected from human tissue samples to provide the best results. Unfortunately it is difficult to obtain real human tissue samples from histology labs of hospitals.Our objective is to create a portable measurement device that will allow us to enter histology labs and collect necessary data on site. We propose to design and build an acoustic property measurement device that integrates acoustic transducers with digital calipers. The portability of this measurement device will enable access to a greater number of tissue samples and provide more accurate property measurements. This will lead to better simulations of the HIFU therapy and therefore improve the overall safety and success of the medical procedure.

Authors: Joey McConkie, Jackson Wilcox, Eli Smith, David Phair. Mentors: Christopher Dillon, Matthew S Allen. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Elevated strain in the Achilles tendon places ballet dancers at high risk for tendinopathy, which in severe cases can terminate a dancer’s career. Typical methods of measuring in vivo tendon stresses—which could be used to predict and prevent tendinopathy—are invasive, making them impractical for professional dancers. We use a portable, non-invasive, externally mounted system of one transducer and two accelerometers to generate and record vibrational motion within the tendon. The speed of sound waves propagating through the tendon is used to calculate the stresses present. The portability of the system allows it to be worn by a dancer during an actual dance routine instead of requiring measurement to be taken at a fixed location where mobility is limited. This system results in data that can noninvasively quantify tendon stresses regularly experienced by ballet dancers. The improved understanding of in situ stresses measured by this device will have great potential for improving the prediction and prevention of debilitating tendinopathy.

Authors: Davis Wing. Mentors: Matt Allen. Insitution: Brigham Young University. When thin structures vibrate under large forces, can exhibit geometric nonlinearity, which makes it very hard to compute their motion and the stresses they undergo. This work builds on prior efforts, which used a small number of computations derived from detailed models, together with machine learning techniques, to train a reduced order model (ROM). This ROM could then be simulated efficiently to estimate the dynamic, nonlinear response of the structure in a fraction of the time it takes to compute the full-order model.This reduced order modeling technique is called Gaussian Process ROM or GPR ROM, and was developed by Park et al. [MSSP, vol. 184, p. 109720, 2023]. The GPR-ROM approach works by applying a number of static loads to the detailed model of the thin structure, and then by integrating those loads over time, it produces an understanding of the dynamics. In addition to its speed, this approach also provides confidence bounds on its findings, meaning that researchers can gauge a number of plausible values for the nonlinear responses of the system being measured.This research further develops this approach to computing the dynamics of structures by applying the GRP-ROM to a more complicated structure than previously studied, namely, a gong. The gong as a test structure is significant, as the signature sound of a gong is produced through geometric nonlinearities. In order to capture the behavior of the gong, and thereby its sound, several modes need to be studied simultaneously, and thus more degrees of freedom are required to capture its behavior in a ROM. This work evaluates the GPR-ROM process for the gong by computing various ROMs for different load states, thereby capturing the geometric variability of the gong’s responses. Then, the non-linear normal modes (NNMs) of the system are calculated within 95% confidence, which allows for a reasonable understanding of the dynamics of the system. These will be compared to the NNMs computed, at great expense, from the full-order model to validate the method.

Authors: Carolina Wright. Mentors: Spencer Magleby. Insitution: Brigham Young University. In recent years there has been an increasing demand for satellites that take up less space, but can still provide a large surface area. One existing solution to fit more material into less volume is deployable systems: systems that can be stowed in small spaces and then expand to occupy a large surface area. Fitting the components of a deployable system into that small space however is where difficulties arise. Thick materials do not stow into small volumes, so thinner, lightweight materials are more desirable. These types of materials can be called “gossamer” materials, and have been used in many space applications of deployable systems. Gossamer structures solve many problems related to stowing satellites in small spaces, but another complication arises for certain applications: current approaches in gossamer technology involve much creasing and wrinkling of the membrane, and do not generate the flatness required for larger, more complex systems. This is detrimental to reflectarray applications, which require a very flat surface. This research seeks to provide a solution to stowing a membrane without creasing it, thus allowing for greater flatness once deployed. This will be done by splitting the membrane into panels, folding them over each other, and rolling it up. Rolling the membrane reduces wrinkles, but adjacent panels must be able to slide past each other. Regular folding does not allow for this movement, so this requires the development of specialized surrogate folds. Surrogate folds are hinges that are used to replace the creases in a folding pattern, so the membrane itself remains unbent. As we design these folds we will look specifically for characteristics which allow for those adjacent panels to slide side by side, as well as still fold 180 degrees. This will allow the panels to fold over each other, roll up tightly, and then be deployed while leaving the membrane free of creases or wrinkles. The results of this research will be key to developing larger deployable systems in the future. Greater precision and flatness as a result of surrogate folds will open a door for further advancements in the technology that can be used on smaller, thinner reflectarray satellites.

Authors: Abby Hoyal. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. The United States is one of the most prominent locations involved in the exchange of children in human trafficking. There are very few outlets that take in recovered children help them receive the proper aftercare and help to gain an education to integrate them back into society. Research has shown that children learn most efficiently in spaces that are modular and flexible. In research conducted for habilitation centers for children, they discovered, “Planning flexibility and variability comfort children and parents, accessibility and emotionality for children visiting [these] centers.” (Kasper, Ilvitskaya, Petrova, Shulginova, 2019). It has also been found that learning levels are highest in spaces that allow the children to learn from their surroundings rather than by just the instruction alone. “An interior shall lead children to learn concepts from working with materials, rather than by direct instruction. [Interiors] should improve cognitive learning, promote independence, curiosity, decision-making, cooperation, persistence, creativity, and problem-solving.” (Manav, 2016). One of the key elements to properly educating children, as listed previously, is to promote independence. One of the ways that research has shown independence to be achieved through design is proper wayfinding elements should be implemented so that occupants do not have to rely on any other occupant to navigate the space. Researchers examined how different colors, light temperatures, and lighting brightness can provide a natural easiness to wayfinding for occupants. Results found, that “the use of cool colors and high brightness levels help people be spatially oriented.” (Hidayetoglu, Yildirim, Akalin, 2012). The Grove will be an Aftercare center that will provide refuge and educate child survivors of human trafficking in a modular environment that educates through the use of space and materials used, with an encouraging push for independence throughout the space due to proper wayfinding elements.

Authors: Morgan Watson. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. In the United States, 1 child in every 26 seconds drops out of high school. Out of the 50 million children in America, that are school age, 15 million are unsupervised after school time. With children being at greatest risk between the hours of 3pm and 6pm, these statistics raise a huge red flag. This project’s purpose is to provide peace of mind to working parents, and success for children throughout their school experience and beyond. Research has proven that afterschool program environments are a successful tool used to positively shape and increase healthy behaviors and practices among children (Huang, 2013). School design can affect student behavior, development, and academic performance (Huang, 2013). A key factor in effective school environments is the appropriate use of color. Careful color application has proven to have positive effects on behavior and cognitive learning (Heliyon, 2022). In addition, children have a better school experience when given autonomy. Autonomy improves intrinsic motivation (Ford, 2016). Research suggests that wherever possible, design for autonomy be implemented as a way to support children’s growth and development (Sorensen, 2013). This can be applied through multi-purpose learning spaces and flexible classroom furnishings. Additional spaces for collaboration and creativity are needed to meet the needs of today’s students and hold their attention. Furthermore, autonomy in the classroom environment is supported by designated areas where children can express themselves and make the space their own. Potential areas for this include cubbies and classroom bulletin boards.

Authors: Hailey Packard. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. In the vast landscape of architectural mediums, the key to capturing clients' attention and ensuring a comprehensive grasp of a proposed project lies in the choice of rendering methods. This research endeavors to pinpoint the most effective communication medium through an experiment employing various rendering techniques. Four renderings of a single exterior façade will be crafted, each utilizing diverse media methodologies. To convert the renderings into quantifiable data an innovative approach involves subjecting the renderings to AI-driven algorithms, predicting where the human eye is drawn to in the images in the first 3-5 seconds superseding the influence of cognitive bias, and aiming to identify which of the images inherently captures the most attention. The research results will be examined and the significance of differences between rendering methods addressed. This research delves into the implications for architects, exploring how these findings may influence presentation strategies, considering potential impact of passing fads, taking into account the alignment of media style with architectural subject matter, and noting whether the experiment requires diverse architectural styles for optimal effectiveness. The current hypothesis regarding these results is that the images with contrast and hierarchy in the composition, such as watercolor renderings, will outperform the other methods. The overarching objective of this research project is to discern the most effective medium for capturing the client's attention when presenting architectural projects. Due to modern advancements that increase our access to an abundance of knowledge and techniques, architects and designers must make informed choices about how they present their ideas. By comparing these mediums and formats through these methods, this research will attempt to identify the most effective strategy for engaging clients and enhancing their comprehension of projects which will also aid in contributing to a clearer understanding of visual communication in the architectural field.

Authors: Desiree Ritchie. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Both music and classical architecture have a strong foundation in proportion. Further research shows that the same systems of proportions are found in both areas. Common chords found in music can be translated into proportions found in architecture. For example, the octave has the same proportion as a 2:1 ratio. While there is a clear relationship, the question remains: does understanding one help in understanding the other? Does understanding music make one a better architect? Can designers benefit from musical instruction? To answer these questions, a comparative survey was conducted asking participants to determine which visual proportion best matched the sound heard. These questions range from basic chords and rectangles to a more complex comparison of the Fibonacci sequence to the golden ratio. The survey also asks about participants' background in both music and architecture, as well as general demographic questions. The demographics of the current survey are limited to students and faculty attending BYU and Utah Valley University, but further studies will provide a more comprehensive result. To analyze the results, a comparison will be conducted on the percentage of individuals who were correctly able to recognize the same proportions visually and audibly. This will then be cross-examined with the demographics, comparing those who have a background in music and/or architecture to those who do not. The expected result is that those familiar with one of the previously mentioned fields will better recognize proportions in both music and architecture. If this is proven true, it will show that having a background knowledge in multiple fields will help to create a more well-rounded and capable individual. It will provide insight on how to become better in one’s chosen field.

Authors: Eric Burton. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Which approach creates more interesting and beautiful buildings: Those who utilize ‘form following function’, or ‘function following form’? When an architect designs only using form following function, the building can have an excess of the utilitarian, resulting in a building that is very useful but can suffer in its overall design aesthetic, lacking attention to beauty. When the opposite occurs, the building can be an incredible work of art, but perhaps suffer in its usage. For an architect to be successful, there needs to be a balance of both methods.In the field of architecture, many architects and designers follow the adage ‘form ever follows function’. While the purpose of this research project is not to discredit this philosophy, the goal is to prove that the other side of the architectural coin, so to speak, has value and that there are multiple philosophies to consider.The research methodology for this project was comparing the buildings of architects that utilize differing philosophies with various building types, and utilizing eye tracking software to help determine which philosophy is more engaging, and beautiful to the average person. The results show that function following form typically produces buildings that are considered more pleasing to the eye, when it comes to the building facades that are evaluated. Building with form in mind first will allow for the designs to better fit their perceived building typology. There is worth at looking into different perspectives. When one is approaching design, they should be willing to implement multiple methods to achieve the best version of their building. Function following form is one method that can help us attain a more beautiful building experience that will impact the world for generations to come.

Authors: Alexia Trapier. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. I am studying architectural column orders and how they are interpreted by the average person. I chose this because I want to learn how people are drawn to the orders when looking at them so I may better understand the orders themselves, and how the world perceives them without an in-depth knowledge or understanding of their composition. I will be doing a comparison of three column orders via eye-tracking software. These consist of the doric, ionic, and corinthian orders. First, I will use the eye-tracking software over an image of each column capital on its own, afterwards I will run it again with all three images side-by-side. This process will help us discover which column order is preferred by the human eye, and why. I believe by doing these two comparisons we will learn which column order will draw the eye of its viewers, and how in-depth someone might look at the detailing of the capitals. I anticipate that the corinthian order may draw the most attention due to the higher level of detailing this capital contains. As a designer it is important to learn and understand what the human experience and interaction is with a building's design. To understand what your viewers prefer and how it makes them feel is important in the world of architecture. An architect doesn’t design for themselves, they design for others of the world, and thus, it is important to understand why people enjoy a certain amount of detailing, or proportionality. Although I’ve sampled at a small scale, it shows that there’s room for expansion into other aspects of design. I hope that through this research we can better understand why the classical orders are important to have in the world of design today and how they impact design in our world today.

Authors: Bronwyn Brown. Mentors: Ben Felix. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Architectural Analytique of the Thomas S. Monson Center Building with the Scamozzi Order at University of Utah

Authors: Samuel Weisler, Colton Korpi, Josh Lythgoe. Mentors: Aliki Milioti. Insitution: Utah Valley University. The Venice Project addresses the challenge of blending contemporary buildings into the well-established urban environment of Venice, a city well known for its rich architectural heritage. In a city with canals in the place of streets, where motorboats and gondolas are the main mode of transportation, seasonal flooding at high tide continues to become a greater environmental concern. The research centers on the documentation and preservation of these valued characteristics through an analytical and interpretative research approach. The primary focus is on aspects such as perception, harmony of open and enclosed space, and the seamless integration into the urban and environmental fabric.The unique design constraints were taken head on in creating the one of a kind ‘Ca’Meriggiare’, a luxury hotel that enriches Venice’s heritage. In lieu of fighting against them, the design embraces the environmental challenges posed by the periodic flooding of the city and transforms them into an integral part of the design. For instance, the flooding is harnessed to create a charming, arcaded entrance exclusive to hotel guests arriving by boat, providing a unique entry sequence unphased by rising or falling water levels.The expected result of the research is a successful fusion of a contemporary hotel with the rich historical context of the city. The innovative design allowed the periodic flooding to become an integral part of the hotel that added a charm and uniqueness to the guest experience. Ca’Meriggiare stands as a testament to the harmonious integration of historical preservation with environmental adaption that honors Venice’s heritage. This luxury hotel case study offers a holistic perspective on theoretical and design considerations, emphasizing the importance of integration within the environmental dimensions. Rather than viewed as an isolated instance, it provides an overarching framework for innovation that will apply to the evolution of contemporary architecture.

Authors: Sean Donner. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. A building’s function has historically been tied to its form. We see this in civic buildings, schools, churches, and homes. Many of those recognizable forms were abandoned with the modernist movement in the early twentieth century. Are these new forms still related to their functionality and can average people perceive a building’s functionality based on its form. Learning the opinions of the general public will enhance the architect’s ability to design for the people who will live and work in and around the buildings they design.This study aims to answer those questions by means of an online survey. To gain a wider demographic of survey takers, the survey is largely spread through social media where I have access to a wide variety of people across the globe and of differing generations and backgrounds. The survey has two types of questions. The first presents two pictures of buildings and asks the survey taker to tell which holds a specific function. The second question type presents a single building and four choices of building function. In both question types, all signage or other markings of building type were digitally removed from the photographs. The survey includes fourteen architectural functions ranging from single family homes to State Capitols. Each category includes traditional and modern examples. This variety in style will help to analyze whether there is a difference in the general public’s ability to perceive a building’s function if the building is traditionally designed or if it takes a more modern approach in design. Although this survey is still active, the expected results are as follows: Traditional forms are generally more easily discernable than modern designs. Some building forms are equally recognizable regardless of form. The stand outs from this list are schools and stores/shoppes.

Authors: Jacob M Wendt. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. This research delves into the transformation of urbanization over the past century, triggered by the influence of modern architectural concepts, and the potential ramifications for mental health. The primary objective is to investigate the neurological effects of specific urban layouts, with a particular emphasis on safety, social interaction, and aesthetic appeal, to gain insight into the human mind's urban preferences. A survey will be designed to capture subjective preferences in which respondents choose one of two anonymous center streets that are subjectively safe and attractive. Participants will favor the traditional street layout over the contemporary one, suggesting a preference for design associated with enhanced safety, aesthetics, and social appeal, affirming the statement by Allen Jacobs that optimal streets have paramount desirability. In parallel, eye-tracking software is utilized to objectively analyze subconscious neurological responses to diverse urban layouts and elements, providing a more scientific perspective on human perceptions of urban environments by revealing more balanced heat maps, and signifying a focus on aesthetic elements and reduced attention to potential hazards. The combination of survey and eye-tracking data presents a comprehensive argument in favor of traditional urban planning principles and expected to underscore the prevalent preference for traditional urban designs over contemporary alternatives. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the enduring human desire for both safety and aesthetic beauty in urban environments. Anonymous survey data ranging from 50 to 100 participants, coupled with eye-tracking simulations indicating balanced heat maps, highlights the potential of traditional design to cultivate healthier and more harmonious communities. Future research may delve into physiological measures, such as heart rate monitoring, to further validate the stress-reducing benefits of traditional urban planning. The findings from this survey are expected to provide actionable insights that can inform urban planning decisions and strategies that foster improved mental wellness and community well-being.

Authors: Thomas Cryer, Brandon Ro. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. ABSTRACT: This study seeks to understand the visual elements of home design that attract the human eye. Specifically, it aims to compare the visual appeal of traditional homes to modern homes using eye-tracking software. However, this study focuses solely on visual analysis, leaving the exploration of emotional and cultural factors for future research. The purpose is to understand the neurological connections between architectural design and human preferences, shedding light on which elements make homes visually appealing. In the mid-20th century, the architectural landscape shifted towards modernism, characterized by functionalism and minimalism. However, recent research suggests neurological links to architectural preferences that challenge modern design's dominance. This study is relevant today as it explores why people are drawn to traditional homes, considering the current preferences of professional architects. This research contributes to the understanding of how architectural aesthetics impact individuals and communities and offering insights into the neurological aspects that influence architectural preferences. The methodology involves analyzing six homes, three traditional and three modern. The analysis will be conducted using 3M Visual Attention Software individually on each home by tracking participants' eye movements, and then given a numerical ranking of 1-6 based on their visual appeal. Subsequently, a comparative analysis will identify the most and least visually attractive homes. Anticipated results from the software suggest traditional homes will score higher due to the "character," or the details that the eye looks, which are missing in modern architecture. The discussion will explore the idea that contemporary homes, by incorporating traditional elements such as proportion, may achieve higher appeal and last for generations of homeowners. Contemporary designs can evolve into "traditional" homes by aligning with the preferences discovered. By understanding what elements people are naturally drawn to, architects can create more appealing and lasting designs, thereby bridging the gap between modern and traditional aesthetics.

Authors: Roya Adham. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. Given the frequency and severity of natural disasters and humanitarian crises, around the globe, the current refuge center at Salt Lake City faces critical challenges in providing sufficient support for its demand.Security and efficiency of indoor space are critical matters in designing a refuge center.the absence of confidentiality can lead to information leakage and compromise the security of the building. (Reinten, et al 2017). The room acoustics will impact the creation of positive communication and interaction for individuals who seek solitude and peace inside the building. Oasis Haven promised to serve as a haven to those in need, helping them to nurture and heal from their past traumas. According to recent research, organizing and laying out spaces, and putting directional signage and informational labels to guide individuals who don't know the language will effectively increase their satisfaction level with the space Jamshidi et al. (2020). Accessibility for all individuals in a space is an ultimate goal of the designers and we must ensure cohesive visual language and consistency throughout the entire design.additionally, it studied and proved the effects of color schemes on employees' task performance due to the healing effects of colors Öztürk, Yilmazer, and Ural (2012). color plays a significant role in creating a space that helps refugees feel more at home and provides a sense of belonging to them. certain colors may symbolize peace, warmth, or security in one culture, while they might have different connotations in another Öztürk, Yilmazer, and Ural (2012) we try to incorporate all those principles and get help from other elements such as natural and artificial light to create space that feels like a true home and provide a sense of stability and comfort to refugees during the times of transition and adjustment.

Authors: Andrea Tyler. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. The golden thread that runs through this project is ART. The texture, color, shapes, movement, contrast and emphasis which exists in ART will be carried into the interiors. Through this adaptive reuse project, the interior emphasis will be on the historical architecture and will draw on the textures and details as the backdrop. By tapping into these details, the overall aesthetic will ground the visitor to the experience within the space. The ARTshare Project mission is to uplift artists, gather and unite community, and empower human beings through ART. According to research (Pilegaard, 2023) “exhibitions might be said to produce an atmosphere of its own, neither is detached from the architectural interiors’ existing atmosphere. Indeed, they are dependent on it.” Atmosphere, distance and proximity in museum spaces is how we experience space. Access to light, combined with color, improves alertness and affects the soul and spirit. Combinations of color and natural light by using different types of glass throughout the design will stimulate moods and will be incorporated into this environment. Each loop in the golden thread of this project will represent an area of commercial, hospitality, healthcare and residential. Baniyamin, 2020 says, “Researchers have shown that visual stimulation of nature, natural lighting, artwork, relaxing colours and therapeutic sound can greatly accelerate the therapeutic process”. The art therapy rooms place a high priority on privacy while providing a healing environment with light, biophilia and art. Just like artists rely on nature for inspiration, so will the residential condos. With access to views, air and light, the design will connect the resident with nature. The bistro is the air that the interior breaths, inhaling and exhaling, healing and connecting.

Authors: Mikayla Buckway. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. Women represent half of the world’s population, and half of the worlds potential. Many of those women face hardships and issues with nowhere to turn for help. The adaptive reuse design build project was created in response to the non profit organization Haven and their need for a women’s center. The selected area and building are of historic beginnings and are centrally located for the best optimization of the center. The center is needed to have multiple different functions and uses. From safe temporary living spaces to counseling offices the main focus will be to cultivate healing, rejuvenation and learning in the space. Studies show that the built environment we chose to surround ourselves with impacts our wellbeing and can be the catalyst for a hastened or slowed recovery (Sternberg 2020). A range of different design elements will need to be incorporated in the space to ensure the goals of the facility are met. The use of nature, biophilia, color and acoustics in designing the physical environment has been shown to optimize health, wellbeing and performance of tenants. Utilizing these elements in the Haven women’s center will be a crucial part of creating the desired space. Using these positive stimuli will also assist in creating a less institutionalized space and more of a home for healing.

Authors: Tyler Peterson, Anna Jensen, Daniel Orr, Anton E Bowden. Mentors: Anton E Bowden. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Prior to approval for usage, spinal disc replacements undergo rigorous and costly tests to ensure that they will perform as designed once implanted. Wear testing, specifically, is one of the most important tests as any loose foreign particles can cause osteolysis of the surrounding tissue. Due to this, minimizing the wear experienced by a joint replacement is of extreme importance, however, wear testing is often done in latter stages of the design process as a functioning prototype is needed. These tests can be prohibitively expensive and adjustments to the prototype only add to the costs, thus a more accessible test to get an initial estimate of the wear is desirable. There are current methods employed to perform these preliminary test results, including the use of a Tribometer, which tests friction and wear. Benefits of using a tribometer are that it can control environmental factors that parallel the ISO testing standards, however, these devices cost thousands of dollars. In the present work, we designed a cost-effective preliminary testing apparatus that accurately recreates loadings that the implant will experience in flexion and extension, as well as lateral bending. The machine consists of a roller that can be loaded axially by compressing a spring to mimic realistic compressive loading conditions, and a motor that will move the roller to replicate spinal bending. The design incorporates a spring element to ensure that contact between the roller and the implant is preserved. Predictable, repeated motions achieved with this machine can provide early insights into the implant wear modes, which can facilitate iterative design improvements. Such knowledge early in the design process can save costs by reducing the need for major design changes in the late stages of product development.

Authors: Kevin Hart. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Context, in the realm of contemporary architecture, holds a significant role. It encompasses the information that conveys an understanding of ideas, scenes, or objects. In a world marked by increasing individualism, the consideration of contextual elements in architectural design often takes a back seat. The Royal Ontario Museum serves as a notable case study. The addition of the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal, contrasting with the traditional backdrop, has ignited debates regarding its compatibility with the existing context. This brings forth a critical question: How does altering the contextual surroundings impact people's perceptions?Furthermore, would the public's perceptions differ if the Crystal were the original building, with the traditional structure serving as the addition? This study delves into the role of contextual factors in shaping the architectural experience. Through a comprehensive survey featuring diverse architectural styles situated in various contexts, my aim is to discern preferences: whether individuals lean toward statement buildings or designs that naturally integrate with their surroundings. My research hypothesis suggests that people derive greater enjoyment from buildings that seamlessly integrate with their contextual environment.The implications of these findings are of significant value to architects and designers. They provide insights to facilitate informed design decisions that not only promote community cohesion but also elevate the public's appreciation of architectural structures.

Authors: Joseph Laudie. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. For an architect, choosing how simple and/or complex your designs are can be a difficult effort. It involves balancing various factors, including appearance, function, cost, time, context, etc. While one might state that a certain way is best, it can be difficult to know. For that purpose, this study will examine the question, “How does the perception of a space or structure change as it evolves from a simple to a more complex state?” The difference between these conditions may involve an increased presence of elements, such as motifs, ornaments, etc., gradually becoming more complex. These changes will be analyzed using eye-tracking software.In contemporary architecture, architects grapple with multifaceted considerations. They must combine the varied desires of clients, adapt to evolving technology's possibilities and constraints, prioritize sustainability and efficiency, adhere to budget limitations, stay attuned to cultural and aesthetic trends, meet functional programming requirements, and navigate site-specific constraints. All these factors influence the architect's decision-making process, guiding them toward either simplicity or complexity in their design approach.Because of the difficulty of this cumulative decision, the issue will be thoroughly examined to determine the true effect both simplistic and complex structures have on the everyday individual. This will be done by examining a single, 3-D-modeled room with progressively more complex states, involving more details such as windows, doors, and classical orders and elements. Photos of the respective conditions will be presented side by side and processed through eye-tracking software.It is expected that more complex spaces and conditions will draw attention more consistently. While the analyzed space will present varying states of detail, it is expected that the more complex and expressive setting will consistently demand attention. This conclusion will better inform future design decisions by architects to make spaces more appealing and conducive to the observer.

Authors: Roya Adham. Mentors: Kristen Arnold. Insitution: Weber State University. Given the frequency and severity of natural disasters and humanitarian crises, around the globe, the current refuge center at Salt Lake City faces critical challenges in providing sufficient support for its demand.Security and efficiency of indoor space are critical matters in designing a refuge center.the absence of confidentiality can lead to information leakage and compromise the security of the building. (Reinten, et al 2017). The room acoustics will impact the creation of positive communication and interaction for individuals who seek solitude and peace inside the building. Oasis Haven promised to serve as a haven to those in need, helping them to nurture and heal from their past traumas. According to recent research, organizing and laying out spaces, and putting directional signage and informational labels to guide individuals who don't know the language will effectively increase their satisfaction level with the space Jamshidi et al. (2020). Accessibility for all individuals in a space is an ultimate goal of the designers and we must ensure cohesive visual language and consistency throughout the entire design.additionally, it studied and proved the effects of color schemes on employees' task performance due to the healing effects of colors Öztürk, Yilmazer, and Ural (2012). color plays a significant role in creating a space that helps refugees feel more at home and provides a sense of belonging to them. certain colors may symbolize peace, warmth, or security in one culture, while they might have different connotations in another Öztürk, Yilmazer, and Ural (2012) we try to incorporate all those principles and get help from other elements such as natural and artificial light to create space that feels like a true home and provide a sense of stability and comfort to refugees during the times of transition and adjustment.

Authors: Emily Barber. Mentors: ALEXANDRA GIANNELL. Insitution: Utah Valley University. I am presenting on the process of subtraction with oil or acrylic paint. I have loved this process and have found to be impactful to me and my practice. This process can show you art in a whole new way. It's the opposite of what we are told to do. It gives you the chance to reveal something that maybe was lost or hidden. Maybe you go into the painting with an agenda, maybe not. Both ways will most likely show you more then you expected. This process creates depth, and a feeling that is very different to translate by traditional addition.I have found it exciting to use different kinds of tools to create. Instead of a pallete knife and paint brush it's rags, Q Tips, and maybe any kind of scraping object you find. Because of the nature of this process it is also fighting the clock. You must pull and drag away unwanted value before the paint dries. The timing and planning are very critical, yet when I create this way I find it calming and rewarding. Sometimes when creating you have to pull out of your normal strokes, and methods. When you can do that, it helps you focus more on concept, and feeling rather then aesthetic and style. By pulling and scraping the information away, you might have the chance to reveal the unknown.

Authors: Olivia Mard Oquist. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. “Female allegory” encompasses two oil paintings that together explore the complex, multifaceted nature of womanhood, using metaphorical imagery, specific handling of paint and the traditions of oil painting.The first painting depicts a blurred face of a woman symbolizing the complex and often misunderstand aspects of a woman’s identity. The soft blurry quality invites the viewer to contemplate what is below the surface. In addition, it challenges societies ideas of beauty and pointing to the sometimes forgotten truth that a womans true essence transcends her physical appearance.The blurriness also serves as a mask to hide feeling and emotions that tend to be categorized as typically female and often viewed in a negative light. Parts of the face will be more blurry than others, symbolizing times when as a woman I and every woman I know have felt invisible or powerless.The second painting is a still-life of objects that each symbolizes the female body (both contemporary symbols as well as historically) Seashells, pears, mimosa flowers are some objects that represent womanhood and the female form. The objects represent the diverse nature and the layers of the female spirit. The history of a still-life deals with the ideas of perfection and stillness that long have been expectations of women. The paintings will connect through a visual language of color palette and handling of paint and together, the paintings invites the viewer to explore the intricate layers of womanhood and to go beyond physical appearance. It celebrates the culmination of experiences, emotions, and symbolism of what being a woman means and what the expectations around us have been and still are today.

Authors: Ripjaw lemus. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. This presentation will explore a selection of artworks which exemplify varying aspects of visual contrast, honing in on the implementation of the principles and elements of art and design. The presentation will include chosen works to show my personal understanding and exploration of these image-making strategies, including the juxtaposition of realism and abstraction, positive and negative space, 2 dimensional and three dimensional, large and small scale, light and dark value, complementary hues, and oposing painting techniques.As an artist and researcher, I am continuing to study how these elements operate in my work and am building an awareness of how a deep investigation of contrasting elements creates a more stimulating experience for the viewer. The three paintings that will be displayed in conjunction with my poster will allow the viewer to experience the work physically as well as participate in discussion with me around artistic decision making and image possibilities.

Authors: Silvia Medina. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Often times growing up we tend to go through different phases or versions of ourselves until we find one that we truly resonate with. We always retain the older versions, as they still tend to peek out from time to time in different aspects of ourselves. With this piece, I wanted to demonstrate my growth and progress, and how it takes all versions of myself and all my experiences when it comes to being who I am today.

Authors: Jessica DeWeese. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. I have made it my goal to try as many mediums as I can, both because it's exciting, and to improve and find my artistic passion. As I have started this journey with the few mediums I have tried, I have learned some things about failing. You always fail in the beginning, but the faster you fail, the faster you learn a better way. I will be sharing failures and successes in various mediums.

Authors: Jessica Downs. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. My work is rooted in the observation of landscapes, both metaphorical and physical, internal and external, as well as the ecopsychological connection between identity and environment. Whether closely examining living organisms like root systems and trees, studying the topographies of rock formations, or reconstructing internal structures of the body, I combine these forms into abstract images that are both foreign and familiar, conveying the vast range of thought and emotion within the human experience.In investigating this human-nature connection, my work reflects these ideas through the creation of multifaceted abstract landscapes and psychological spaces. The close examination of natural materials and patterns experienced in nature allow me to form connections between environment and self, often causing natural forms to transition from external imagery to the internal topographies of the body. Utilizing multiple mediums like painting, drawing, printmaking, and digital collage, carefully rendered contours of forms and the use of colors found in nature are both observed and intuitive, built using transparent layers that are constantly added and subtracted, as a way to describe the constant evolution of nature and the search for the understanding of its connection and influence on the human psyche.I am interested in the liminal space between observation and introspection as a means of creating a repository for experiences, feelings, memories, and exploration that elicits an emotional response, seeking to expand on the perception of self and foster a healthier relationship between humans and nature that ultimately promotes overall health and economic sustainability.

Authors: Brittney Weiland. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. The cyanotype process is a slow time-based method that uses a chemical mixture, water, and UV light to capture instances of spacetime. Cyanotype translations of the body, whether by directly laying a body down on fabric or through the use of translated photographs inherently capture slices of spatiotemporal continuity by nature of its time-based development. Directly placing one's body on chemically treated fabric undergoes only one translation of form: body to image. However, this direct method fails to capture figural resemblance, but rather captures movement through time, leaving traces of 4th dimensional worms. This method draws a closer comparison to temporal continuity but not to recognizable figure. Photographs, long past captured, undergo a process of camera translation, digital translation, printed negative translation, and then finally cyanotype translation but more directly relates to figural recognizability than a direct capture method. However, this photographic process fails to capture more than a few spatiotemporal moments, less in tune with temporal imagery. Through a series of works, Brittney Weiland explores identity through a perdurantist view by capturing moments of body degeneration and drastic physical form changes over the last year as she has battled nearly life-ending illness through the use of cyanotype and photography.

Authors: Kimberly Lewin. Mentors: Anne Francis Bayless. Insitution: Utah State University. I have been exploring the relationship between connection, disconnection, and control, and I presented my research on these topics to three composers who wrote a piece based off of their interpretation. At URCO, I will perform one of these compositions.

Authors: Brianna Bastian. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. My understanding of language as a whole began to broaden when I took my first of many ASL classes almost a decade ago. It continued to deepen and grow when I spent a year and a half in an immersive Spanish-speaking program. Now as a university student studying both Speech Pathology and Art, I have found myself recognizing the validity of art as a language. Thus, my research and presentation explores the linguistics of the visual arts.

Authors: George Wells. Mentors: Timothy Francis. Insitution: Utah Tech University. Cast in the form of a first-movement, 17th century Sonata, this is an original composition that explores different chord progressions out of dissonance to resolution. This solo piece for piano is structured similar to works typical of the classical time period. Piano repertoire from the classical era feature repeated patterns, simple melodies, and contrasting moods. Atypical of piano repertoire from the classical era are characteristics such as chromaticism, common-tone and augmented chords, polyrhythms, and hemiolas. From a framework of the sonata form with simple patterns and melodies, I explored the mood and color each method of resolution brings to music composition, classical and contemporary. From this work we can come away with a better understanding of the abstract emotion and character naturally found in musical resolutions that have been codified through music theory.

Authors: Barrett Blake. Mentors: Brandon Ro. Insitution: Utah Valley University. This research project aims to explore the relationship between an individual's cultural and religious background and their perception of mosque architecture and experiences. Given the lack of understanding about the nature of mosques among non-Muslims, it is essential to investigate these perceptions to promote greater public awareness and interfaith understanding. The research methodology employs two approaches. First, it analyzes Nader Ardalan's work, "The Visual Language of Symbolic Form: A Preliminary Study of Mosque Architecture," to identify common architectural characteristics in mosques. This analysis is correlated with a survey to compare common elements of mosque architecture to respondents’ associations with the elements incorporated in mosque architecture. It is expected that the elements that most individuals associate with mosques are likely those that are most common. Second, an online survey assesses the influence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious backgrounds on individuals' perceptions of mosques. The survey covers familiarity with mosques, statements about mosque experiences, and demographics. Statements regarding mosque experiences are derived from Lindsay Jones’ book The Hermeneutics of Sacred Architecture: Experience, Interpretation, Comparison. Demographic questions include religion, ethnicity, and primary household language. Respondents are recruited through QR codes on the Utah Valley University campus, religious groups at universities, and online forums for diverse religious traditions. Responses from those who practice Islam are expected to align more closely than those from non-Islamic backgrounds. In summary, this research shows that some architectural features in mosques are likely to be universally recognized due to their commonality. It also highlights a strong connection between an individual's background and their understanding of Islam, mosque aesthetics, and expected mosque experiences. These findings can inform mosque design by promoting the use of recognizable architectural elements and can contribute to fostering interfaith awareness and understanding, ultimately supporting harmonious coexistence among diverse communities.

Authors: Annalicia Loveridge, Maren Daynes, Noah Guzman. Mentors: Donna Fairbanks. Insitution: Utah Valley University. This project includes the planning and execution of a Carnegie Hall performance featuring the Wolverine Piano Trio. Annalicia Loveridge, Noah Guzman, and Maren Daynes were the first-place winners of the 2023 American Protégé International Piano and Strings Competition in the College Students and Professional Musicians category. The performance will showcase the first movement of the Brahms Piano Trio No. 3.We will rehearse extensively leading up to the performance to ensure flawless execution of the selected piece. We aim to create an immersive musical experience for the audience, transporting them to a world of melody and harmony. The performance will be held in the Weill Recital Hall of Carnegie Hall, known for its remarkable acoustics and grandeur. Performers such as Lang Lang, Yo-Yo Ma, and Joshua Bell have all started their careers at Carnegie Hall. The Carnegie Hall performance is a milestone achievement for us as students and an opportunity to showcase our exceptional talent and passion for classical music to a global audience. It is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that promises to leave a lasting impression on us and bolster our professional goals.

Authors: Maddalena Willis. Mentors: Alexandra Giannell. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Water is the most essential ingredient for life. In the desert, it is much more valuable. As Utah’s population rises, its high desert climate that provides beautiful scenery and fun recreational activities is running on a limited amount of water. Therefore it is vital that our reservoirs, lakes, streams and groundwater supply are in good condition, but this is impossible without our own efforts to help. As such, it is imperative that we avoid water contamination and negligent overconsumption. Displayed are the two paintings titled Churned and Drought. They are commentaries on the observable effects humans have had on the water condition in Wasatch and Utah County. The painting titled Churned uses the imagery of a boat prop agitating the picture plane of the painting. The serene blues and greens have been mangled and torn apart. The painting titled Drought uses the imagery of abstracted storm drains, pipes and fishing lures to illustrate the alterations humans have made on the waterways. It is very grid-like and inorganic. Combined, these two paintings are a reflection on the current state of our marine desert ecosystem.

Authors: Gregory Skinner. Mentors: Yi Yin. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Materialism and consumerism have been linked to higher levels of loneliness, an increased focus on extrinsic goals, various social challenges, and lower overall well-being of individuals (Fumagalli et al., 2022; Pieters, 2013). Previous research has linked people with higher levels of consumeristic/materialistic values to a lower frequency of intrinsic and pro-social pursuits (Nurhajayanti, 2019; Sheldon & Kasser, 2018). The area of discussion has primarily often looked at relationships and societal-level challenges separately and has a limited assessment of platonic personal relationships. This study adds to this discussion by addressing the gap in more friendship-oriented relationships, looking at how the same set of individuals are affected in both personal and societal connections, as well as seeing how various individual factors, such as religious affiliation and socio-economic class may impact these effects. This research will use mixed research methods, including surveys and in-depth interviews, to see how individual attitudes toward consumerism relate to their behavior and values toward their immediate social circle and larger communities. The samples were gathered from among the United States population and were collected at random through the use of online collection methods. The participants were contacted through the use of snowball sampling as well as the use of online platforms which include SurveySwap and SurveyCircle to acquire representative samples. The survey data will be examined through the use of multiple regression analysis. The interview data will be reviewed through thematic analysis. The addition of this study will increase our understanding of not only how consumerism and materialism affect the individual’s well-being but also their capacity to meaningfully connect with their various communities.

Authors: Sage Wettstein, Kaicee Postler, Rachel Arocho, Julie Nelson. Mentors: Kaicee Postler. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Research has shown the efficacy of improving and strengthening family relationships through family life education programs (FLE; Darling, et al., 2019). The Stronger Families Project (SFP) at Utah Valley University (UVU) is a FLE program offered to the community to provide skills regarding communication, problem solving, conflict resolution, and general family function (Stronger Families Project, 2023). The current study aims to identify qualitative themes of satisfaction among participants from SFP across three semesters, including Fall 2022, Spring 2023, and Fall 2023. Qualitative data has been taken from satisfaction surveys administered in the final session of the program to determine the elements of the SFP program that have the most positive effects on families. Thematic analysis will allow for comprehension of the data in an aggregate form, with specific quotes to support identified themes. Implications for future research and practice will be discussed based on identified themes.

Authors: Alexa Bailey, Sophie Daines, Joshua Bennett, Carlos Moreno, Scott Weber. Mentors: Scott Weber. Insitution: Brigham Young University. As the understanding of cancer pathophysiology continues to increase, there is an increased focus on the role of T cells in targeting cancerous cells and tumor sites. Recently, it was demonstrated that CD5, a transmembrane glycoprotein found on T cells, plays a key role in negatively regulating T cell activity. CD5 also significantly impacts T cell metabolic profiles by increasing oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR). We are now investigating the role of CD6, a related membrane protein found on T cells, and its effect on regulating T cell proliferation and metabolism by measuring the proliferation rates and metabolic profile of T cells from a CD5/CD6 double knockout murine model. Because tumor microenvironments are vitally important in determining the immune system’s response to cancer, differences in metabolism may yield new insights for developing immunotherapy techniques.

Authors: Travis Christensen, Geoff Zahn, Alma Laney. Mentors: Alma Laney. Insitution: Utah Valley University. In July 2022, green cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea) were observed with severe viral symptoms in a local community garden in Utah County. These plants were observed to be covered with cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Symptoms observed on the cabbage plants included yellowing, necrotic lesions, and brittle necrosis of the leaves. These symptoms have been found to be transmissible by the cabbage aphid to broccoli, cabbage, and kale, although symptoms are delayed in kale. Work is being done to find other transmissible plants within the brassica family. Sequencing of RNA yielded no results, however, amplification of viral DNA via rolling circle amplification (RCA) has yielded positive results. A sample obtained through maintenance of the virus and cabbage aphid is currently being subjected to RNAseq using the NovaSeq Illumina platform. Through several virological methods we are able to conclude the presence of a putative geminivirus transmissible through cabbage aphid in our affected plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an aphid-transmissible DNA virus of brassicas in Utah. Further work is being done to further identify, classify, and build the genome of this specific virus using Illumina sequencing.

Authors: Ezra Wylie, Merrill Halling. Mentors: Merrill Halling. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Various parts of Cercocarpus ledifolius, or curled leaf mountain mahogany, was used for medicinal purposes by Native Americans for a wide variety of uses including tuberculosis, syphilitic sores, and venereal diseases. Symbiotic microorganisms, called endophytes, often produce these compounds for defense of the tree. Novel compounds have been found in plants which have demonstrated antibiotic, antifungal, or other biological activities. Endophytes were grown from various parts of the tree, including roots, stems, branches, and leaves. The bioactive compounds were isolated and identified using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.

Authors: Emily Cherrington, Sam S Ingram, Chloe E Loveland, Ryanne Welch. Mentors: Olga Kopp. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as Genovese basil, is a frequently grown herb in the Lamiaceae family. It is used in food cuisines around the globe and is easily grown as a fresh-market herb for restaurants, farmer’s markets, and grocery stores. Basil has many antioxidants and anti-bacterial properties, but it is most commonly used as a culinary ingredient to add flavor to various dishes. Basil is very sensitive to cold, requiring well-draining soil with temperatures of 18°C to 27°C for germination. Consistent soil moisture is also necessary for optimum growth, and it prefers to stay moist to keep from drying out. In the face of global climate change, it becomes imperative to determine the adaptability of crucial agricultural crops -like basil- to varying nutrient levels in different substrate types across diverse environmental conditions. A plant's capacity to thrive in distinct substrates is intrinsically linked to the unique requirements of its seeds. The choice of substrate serves as the foundational element for cultivating healthy plants. This study centers on examining three pivotal aspects related to substrates: moisture retention, nutrient accessibility, and fungal growth. This led us to question whether the germination success of Ocimum basilicum differs depending on the substrate type. To test this question, we will plant Genovese basil seeds in four distinct substrate types: standard germination mix, 80/20 peat-perlite blend, compost-enriched soil, and an agar medium. Following their placement in the respective substrates, all seeds will be grown in a controlled growth chamber, subject to identical lighting conditions and a consistent temperature of 22°C to ensure uniformity across all treatments. At intervals of 1-2 days, diligent observations will be made to detect signs of germination. Once germination becomes apparent, we will meticulously document the results. Subsequently, this collected data will undergo analysis using the R Language. We anticipate that substrates rich in nutrients (specifically agar and standard germination mix) will exhibit heightened germination success. Investigating how substrate type affects the germination success of Genovese basil offers valuable insights with broad applications in horticulture and agriculture. It can enhance agricultural practices by pinpointing optimal soil choices for specific crops, increasing substrate efficiency to minimize resource wastage, and promoting sustainable and economical cultivation methods. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper comprehension of the environmental ramifications of crops and the diversity of crops in both controlled laboratory settings and natural environments.

Authors: Noah Christensen, Matt Olson. Mentors: Matt Olson. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Geologic maps serve as a valuable tool with diverse applications, one of which is resource exploration. Understanding available resources in America is beneficial for enhancing energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic growth. As political discourse rises, it is crucial to address national security concerns and head towards short- and long-term goals of energy independence. Traditional geologic mapping is characterized by time-intensive and high-cost fieldwork, but through multispectral and hyperspectral remotely sensed imagery it is possible to instantly map extensive areas using unique absorption patterns of minerals in the reflected spectral signature of the electromagnetic spectrum. This study explores an intercomparison of mineral mapping using Hyperion (EO-1), ASTER, and AVIRIS imagery in the Marysvale Volcanic Field, Utah. The satellites and high-altitude aircraft were chosen due to their varying number of spectral channels, spectral ranges, and spatial resolutions, allowing for a cross-analysis of their strengths, weaknesses, and overall capabilities. While previous studies have utilized AVIRIS and ASTER imagery within the Marysvale Volcanic Field, no prior research has explored a comparison of mineralogical maps using these sensors at a specific location. All analysis will be conducted through open-source applications to promote accessibility in future research and reproducibility of image generation through the sharing of R code. This research will enhance our comprehension of the necessary spectral and spatial resolutions for generating accurate mineral identification. Published geologic maps and in-situ field samples were used to validate the generated maps. We expect to find one of two outcomes: a strong contrast in classified mineralogy depending on the image source used, pointing towards a need for higher spatial and spectral resolutions to achieve accurate mapping, or minimal variation in classification, indicative of an unnecessary number of spectral bands. Developing accurate and accessible mineral mapping tools may be the next step in strengthening our knowledge of resource availability, without the need for rigorous traditional mapping methods.

Authors: Austen Miller, Josh Leon, Geoffrey Zahn. Mentors: Geoffrey Zahn. Insitution: Utah Valley University. The Pando aspen grove in Central Utah is a remarkable organism comprising a clonal colony of Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Fishlake National Forest. While Pando has garnered plenty of attention, the role of the fungal microbiome within this clonal system remains relatively uncharted. This research project delves into the endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities inhabiting the leaves of this giant single organism. The clonal nature of Pando means that plant genotype is consistent across a broad area, allowing us to test hypotheses about how plant-associated fungi disperse and associate with their hosts. In particular, we are testing whether proximity to a forest edge affects foliar fungal community structure. This research will enhance our understanding of how forest patch size and location contribute to plant-fungus community formation. These findings may also have implications with the potential to affect the health and resilience of this aspen clonal colony, which could in turn inform conservation strategies and forest management in the face of environmental challenges and the shifting ranges of aspens and fungal symbionts.

Authors: Emmaline M Saunders, Michael A Stearns, Ami Ward. Mentors: Michael Stearns. Insitution: Utah Valley University. The Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (TIS), Sierra Nevada, California, accumulated magmatic rock from 95 to 85 Ma. Ar-Ar biotite dates require that temperatures within the TIS remained above ~300°C until ~79 million years ago. The protracted thermal history resulted in five texturally and chemically distinct units that young towards the center and was recorded by chemical and isotopic re-equilibration of the minerals. Challener and Glazner (2017) demonstrated that amphibole phenocrysts from the Half Dome Granodiorite (Khd) experienced greenschist-facies metamorphism. Amphibole phenocrysts host abundant inclusions of biotite, chlorite, feldspar, titanite, epidote, and apatite, which are interpreted to have crystallized via breakdown of magnesiohornblende. Additionally, Al zoning suggests fracturing and subsequent healing of the amphibole crystals occurred at near- or subsolidus temperatures. New EPMA and LASS-ICP-MS analyses of texturally related amphibole, titanite, feldspar, and biotite from the equigranular Khd place limits on the timing of amphibole breakdown and contextualize the low-temperature re-equilibration of many of the major minerals in the rock. Most of the amphiboles analyzed contain 0.5–6 wt. % Al2O3 corresponding to actinolite compositions, while feldspar pairs record ~475 ºC apparent temperatures. Titanite grains (re)crystallized between 91–80 Ma and contain 25–825 ppm Zr, which correspond to apparent temperatures between 550–710 ºC (150 ± 50 MPa, aTiO2 = 0.5 ± 0.1). The distribution of Zr in titanites is bimodal with the majority having <200 ppm Zr. Titanites younger than 87 Ma have decreasing Zr content and titanites included within actinolite amphibole contain the lowest Zr content (25–50 ppm) and youngest dates (85–80 Ma). Melt-present crystallization of titanite began at ~91–90 Ma, followed by both near and subsolidus (re)crystallization from ~88–86, concluding with titanite growth via hornblende breakdown from 82–80 Ma. These data taken together with previous investigations provide a continuous record of the rock’s chemical evolution driven by incremental emplacement and subsequent episodic autometamorphism of the equigranular Khd, and critically, any inferences regarding magmatic processes in the TIS must first account for the metamorphic re-equilibration of the rock.

Authors: Arahi Perdomo, Brooklyn Moore, Erin Kerr, Hula Santiago, Kylie Kay, Sarahi Joyner. Mentors: Krista Ruggles. Insitution: Utah Valley University. This research initiative centers on the experiences and learning outcomes of preservice teachers (PSTs) from Utah Valley University who volunteer to teach in the San Juan School District (SJSD) and the Navajo Nation. Our primary aim is to understand how this cross-cultural teaching experience shapes their future teaching practices, perspectives on diversity, and inclusion in education.Preservice teachers play a critical role in the future of education This study examines how their participation in a unique cultural context can enhance their preparedness as educators. By engaging in volunteer teaching assignments within the Navajo Nation, these students gain exposure to diverse cultural backgrounds; fostering cultural awareness and sensitivity.We seek to show the transformative impact of this experience on their personal and professional growth. Through interviews and observations, we will explore the challenges and opportunities faced by preservice teachers and how this experience influences their teaching philosophies and aspirations.Our ultimate goal is to determine how such immersive experiences can contribute to the development of culturally responsive pedagogy. We believe that these preservice teachers, with their enriched perspectives, can become advocates for diversity and inclusion not only within their classrooms but also within the broader educational landscape and society.This research holds the potential to inform teacher education programs and policy discussions regarding the value of cross-cultural experiences in teacher preparation. By shedding light on the impact of volunteer teaching in the Navajo Nation, we hope to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on fostering more inclusive and culturally aware educators, ultimately benefiting students and society as a whole.

Authors: Cate Miller, Tyler Free, Brad Bundy. Mentors: Brad Bundy. Insitution: Brigham Young University. Diagnostics are an essential tool in the treatment path for many different types of cancer. They are used to determine the progression of cancer treatment and are critical to increase survival rates. The most common diagnostics are often too expensive or sophisticated to be used on a widespread scale. Using a cell-free protein synthesis system to create a biosensor as a diagnostic can drastically decrease costs, increase convenience, and increase survival rates. We previously engineered low-cost CFPS systems to detect glutamine which would be useful for low-cost biosensing of clinically relevant glutamine concentrations. This work reports our progress in optimizing the CFPS glutamine biosensor for improved performance.

Authors: Riley B. Jackson, Iris Cepeda. Mentors: Michael C Rotter, Kiara Whitley. Insitution: Utah Valley University. Roses (Rosa spp.) are beloved ornamental plants known for their flowers and for their formidable prickles, often referred to as thorns. These prickles are an important part of herbivore resistance in these plants. These mechanical defense structures can vary in shape and abundance and are found along the length of the stems and even the underside of leaves. Although the mere presence of these prickles can cause damage to potential herbivores they also may act as vectors for infectious microbes. Previous studies have shown that other piercing physical defense structures can harbor infectious bacteria, sometimes resulting in conditions such as gangrene, anthrax poisoning, or septic arthritis. This raises the question about their potential implications for human safety particularly when these plants grow in areas of high human use. While roses have similar sharp structures, it is currently unknown if they harbor any pathogenic or defensive bacteria. Our study explores and whether local roses (both native and non-native) have similar or distinct microbiomes and if they possess pathogenic microbes. Understanding these differences would enable us to shed light on ecological relationships between microbes and native versus non-native plants and health risks associated with rose prickle injuries.