2020 Abstracts
data-content-type="article"
Characterizing the grain size distribution of geomorphic units along the Yampa River in Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado.
Schmidt, Jack; Leonard, Christina; Jukes, Thomas (Utah State University)
Faculty Advisor: Schmidt, Jack (S.J. & Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Watershed Sciences Department)
Abstract: Western rivers are impounded by a suite of water resource infrastructure that supports human life and has fueled western development. These rivers also support a unique ecosystem for endemic endangered species, whose habitat has been degraded by water resource development that has disrupted the flow and sediment delivered to the system. Channel morphology, and within-channel habitat are the consequence of sediment deposition and erosion. One way to measure the amount of sediment deposition or erosion is by measuring the amount of sediment transported into and out of a river segment to calculate the mass-sediment budget. Such analyses, however, cannot identify the locations within the river segment where aggradation or degradation has occurred, or predict how habitat has changed. In this study, we aim to correlate field-based measurements of channel and habitat change with flux-based sediment budgets. We propose that in order to predict detailed channel response and habitat change, flux-based sediment budgets must be partitioned by grain size class, because different grain size classes are eroded and deposited in different parts of the channel. As part of this study, we have collected samples and observations throughout the study area to analyze and characterize the grain size distribution of the channel and floodplain in units identified as eroding or aggrading. By obtaining information about where different grain size classes of sediment are deposited and eroded, we are working to link the partitioned mass-sediment budget to channel change to understand where and why channel change occurs.
Faculty Advisor: Schmidt, Jack (S.J. & Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Watershed Sciences Department)
Abstract: Western rivers are impounded by a suite of water resource infrastructure that supports human life and has fueled western development. These rivers also support a unique ecosystem for endemic endangered species, whose habitat has been degraded by water resource development that has disrupted the flow and sediment delivered to the system. Channel morphology, and within-channel habitat are the consequence of sediment deposition and erosion. One way to measure the amount of sediment deposition or erosion is by measuring the amount of sediment transported into and out of a river segment to calculate the mass-sediment budget. Such analyses, however, cannot identify the locations within the river segment where aggradation or degradation has occurred, or predict how habitat has changed. In this study, we aim to correlate field-based measurements of channel and habitat change with flux-based sediment budgets. We propose that in order to predict detailed channel response and habitat change, flux-based sediment budgets must be partitioned by grain size class, because different grain size classes are eroded and deposited in different parts of the channel. As part of this study, we have collected samples and observations throughout the study area to analyze and characterize the grain size distribution of the channel and floodplain in units identified as eroding or aggrading. By obtaining information about where different grain size classes of sediment are deposited and eroded, we are working to link the partitioned mass-sediment budget to channel change to understand where and why channel change occurs.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
CRISPR/Cas9 Mutation of Melanogenic Genes
Backman, Natalia; Bell, Mckenzie; Gostick, Anthony; Kiggins, Kendrick; Koller, Christopher; Naylor, Emily; Porter, Tyrel; Rawlings, Bree; Domyan, Eric, Ph.D (Utah Valley University)
Faculty Advisor: Domyan, Eric (Utah Valley University, Biology/Biotechnology)
The domesticated rock pigeon has been the subject of selective breeding for hounds of years and so displays an immense variety of phenotypes. This variety provides opportunities to further understand the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution. Pigmentation of pigeon feathers is controlled by multiple alleles at different loci, which influences the type and amount of melanin deposited in the feathers. A specific phenotype, known as "recessive red", consists of distinctly red plumage and is caused by a mutation that greatly reduces the expression of the gene Sox10. This gene encodes a transcription factor, known to play a key role in melanocyte maturation and proliferation. Sox10 likely regulates the transcription of multiple downstream genes but the identities of these genes are largely unknown. To identify downstream targets of Sox10, we compared the transcriptomes of regenerating feathers from wild-type and recessive red birds to identify genes that had different expression levels between the two groups. We identified 46 genes that are expressed at different levels between wild-type and recessive red birds, and thus are potential targets of Sox101.
While several of the target genes have known roles in pigmentation, the role that many of the targets play in pigmentation has not been studied, making them interesting candidates for further investigation. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we introduced mutations in candidate genes that were chosen because of their unusually low expression in recessive red birds due to the mutation of Sox10. By observing the effects of the mutated genes, we can determine their roles in pigmentation. The genes that we are mutagenizing in our research is Tbx2, Arsg, and Abcb5 to see if they play a role in the melanin synthesis pathway.
Faculty Advisor: Domyan, Eric (Utah Valley University, Biology/Biotechnology)
The domesticated rock pigeon has been the subject of selective breeding for hounds of years and so displays an immense variety of phenotypes. This variety provides opportunities to further understand the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution. Pigmentation of pigeon feathers is controlled by multiple alleles at different loci, which influences the type and amount of melanin deposited in the feathers. A specific phenotype, known as "recessive red", consists of distinctly red plumage and is caused by a mutation that greatly reduces the expression of the gene Sox10. This gene encodes a transcription factor, known to play a key role in melanocyte maturation and proliferation. Sox10 likely regulates the transcription of multiple downstream genes but the identities of these genes are largely unknown. To identify downstream targets of Sox10, we compared the transcriptomes of regenerating feathers from wild-type and recessive red birds to identify genes that had different expression levels between the two groups. We identified 46 genes that are expressed at different levels between wild-type and recessive red birds, and thus are potential targets of Sox101.
While several of the target genes have known roles in pigmentation, the role that many of the targets play in pigmentation has not been studied, making them interesting candidates for further investigation. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we introduced mutations in candidate genes that were chosen because of their unusually low expression in recessive red birds due to the mutation of Sox10. By observing the effects of the mutated genes, we can determine their roles in pigmentation. The genes that we are mutagenizing in our research is Tbx2, Arsg, and Abcb5 to see if they play a role in the melanin synthesis pathway.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
A Worldwide Phylogenetic Study of the Family Baetidae
Backman, Natalia; Ogden, Heath (Utah Valley University)
Faculty Advisor: Ogden, Heath (Utah Valley University, Biology)
The Family Baetidae, is in the order Ephemeroptera, also commonly known as Mayflies. The first baetids were described around 1815 by Leach, and since there are more than 900 species have been described. The family Baetidae is an important group of mayflies because of their position on the mayfly tree of life in that they are a key to understanding evolutionary trends, such as the origin of wings and flight. Taxon sampling for this study consisted of over 100 taxa, representing ??? genera, from lineages distributed geographically worldwide, except Antarctica. Two main datasets were constructed. The genes 12s, 16s, H3, 18s, 28s and CO1 were used as part of a traditional dataset. Targeted capture sequencing was used to generate a phylogenomic dataset, consisting of over 400 loci. Trees were reconstructed from the aligned datasets, and the results were compared. The phylogenomic data resulted in a much more resolved topology.
Faculty Advisor: Ogden, Heath (Utah Valley University, Biology)
The Family Baetidae, is in the order Ephemeroptera, also commonly known as Mayflies. The first baetids were described around 1815 by Leach, and since there are more than 900 species have been described. The family Baetidae is an important group of mayflies because of their position on the mayfly tree of life in that they are a key to understanding evolutionary trends, such as the origin of wings and flight. Taxon sampling for this study consisted of over 100 taxa, representing ??? genera, from lineages distributed geographically worldwide, except Antarctica. Two main datasets were constructed. The genes 12s, 16s, H3, 18s, 28s and CO1 were used as part of a traditional dataset. Targeted capture sequencing was used to generate a phylogenomic dataset, consisting of over 400 loci. Trees were reconstructed from the aligned datasets, and the results were compared. The phylogenomic data resulted in a much more resolved topology.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Evaluation of Water Quality in Northern British Columbia
Meyr, Katherine (Weber State University)
Faculty Advisor: Matyjasik, Marek (Science, Earth and Environmental Sciences)
The impacts of water quality is among the most highly contested aspects of mining projects. Despite the protection of the majority of land in British Columbia, evidence of the negative environmental impacts of past and present mining activities may be found on the most sacred of lands. Evaluated water samples taken from multiple sites in First Nation territory show evidence of mining contamination, with streams following the sacred Tlingit trail showing the highest percentage of heavy metals. Though British Columbia's regulations have been extensive, mines abandoned before these regulations were put into place may be a source of pollution among current wildlife and vegetation. Abandoned mining sites in British Columbia must be thoroughly evaluated in order to understand the damage that has been done both culturally and environmentally.
Faculty Advisor: Matyjasik, Marek (Science, Earth and Environmental Sciences)
The impacts of water quality is among the most highly contested aspects of mining projects. Despite the protection of the majority of land in British Columbia, evidence of the negative environmental impacts of past and present mining activities may be found on the most sacred of lands. Evaluated water samples taken from multiple sites in First Nation territory show evidence of mining contamination, with streams following the sacred Tlingit trail showing the highest percentage of heavy metals. Though British Columbia's regulations have been extensive, mines abandoned before these regulations were put into place may be a source of pollution among current wildlife and vegetation. Abandoned mining sites in British Columbia must be thoroughly evaluated in order to understand the damage that has been done both culturally and environmentally.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Building a Classifier to Discriminate Bacteria with Raman Spectroscopy
Durrant, Bianca; Bennion, Sean; Shipp, Dustin (Utah Valley University)
Faculty Advisor: Shipp, Dustin (Utah Valley University, Physics)
determine bacteria is growing the bacteria on agar and then identify the bacteria via the API system (analytical profile index). In some medical cases, 24 hours is too long to wait, especially if a patient needs antibiotics. Raman spectroscopy uses laser light to excite a spectrum specific to each molecule. This molecular specificity enables Raman spectroscopy to identify the species of bacteria without a lengthy growth period. Raman spectroscopy is non invasive and only needs one bacterium for detection. It is therefore faster than growing bacteria and identifying via the API system.
From other research groups we know that Raman spectroscopy is able to classify bacteria, albeit with limited breadth of bacterial types. The next step is to implement imaging techniques to make the identification even faster, so that those techniques can be used in hospitals to determine pathological bacteria, so that the treatment can be given faster. Furthermore, when a hospital is unsure whether the patient has a disease caused by bacteria usually they start treating the patient with antibiotics in case they are infected. If identification only take a few hours instead of two to three days, doctors would only prescribe antibiotics when necessary, thus decrease the risk of multiresistant bacteria.
Faculty Advisor: Shipp, Dustin (Utah Valley University, Physics)
determine bacteria is growing the bacteria on agar and then identify the bacteria via the API system (analytical profile index). In some medical cases, 24 hours is too long to wait, especially if a patient needs antibiotics. Raman spectroscopy uses laser light to excite a spectrum specific to each molecule. This molecular specificity enables Raman spectroscopy to identify the species of bacteria without a lengthy growth period. Raman spectroscopy is non invasive and only needs one bacterium for detection. It is therefore faster than growing bacteria and identifying via the API system.
From other research groups we know that Raman spectroscopy is able to classify bacteria, albeit with limited breadth of bacterial types. The next step is to implement imaging techniques to make the identification even faster, so that those techniques can be used in hospitals to determine pathological bacteria, so that the treatment can be given faster. Furthermore, when a hospital is unsure whether the patient has a disease caused by bacteria usually they start treating the patient with antibiotics in case they are infected. If identification only take a few hours instead of two to three days, doctors would only prescribe antibiotics when necessary, thus decrease the risk of multiresistant bacteria.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Distribution of 76 organic compounds and their emission composition throughout the Uintah Basin, Utah
Breitenbach, Makenzie; Lyman, Seth; Tran, Huy (Utah State University)
Faculty Advisor: Lyman, Seth (College of Science, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department); Tran, Huy (College of Science, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department)
The Uintah Basin is a rural area in Northeast Utah where the oil and gas industry is prominent. During multi-day temperature inversions that occur during some winters, locally-emitted air pollutants, particularly from the oil and gas industry, react in the atmosphere to produce ozone. While it is well known that oxides of nitrogen and organic compounds are the main precursors to ozone formation, significant gaps exist in understanding of the sources and composition of organics emitted from various oil and gas-related sources. Better understanding of organic compound emissions will allow regulators and industry to make better decisions to reduce ozone-forming pollution to protect the health of residents and workers in the Uintah Basin.
During the winter of 2018-2019, we are deploying 14 remote measurement stations that collect air samples in silonite-coated canisters (for non-methane hydrocarbons and light alcohols) and on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated sorbent cartridges (for carbonyls). We are analyzing the canister and cartridge samples in our laboratory via gas and liquid chromatography, respectively, to determine concentrations of a suite of 76 organic compounds, all of which are known to be involved in the formation of wintertime ozone in the Uintah Basin. We position these stations in different configurations around the Basin to characterize certain facility types and to characterize organic compound concentrations across the entire Basin. For this presentation, we will use meteorological data and trajectory modeling to determine how facilities in the vicinity of our measurement stations impacted ambient organic compound concentrations and speciation. Later in 2019-20, we will use the 2014 Utah Air Agencies Oil and Gas Emissions Inventory with a three-dimensional photochemical model (WRF-CMAQ) to simulate air concentrations of the measured compounds. We will compare modeled and measured results to determine how well the inventory and model simulate actual ozone precursor concentrations.
Faculty Advisor: Lyman, Seth (College of Science, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department); Tran, Huy (College of Science, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department)
The Uintah Basin is a rural area in Northeast Utah where the oil and gas industry is prominent. During multi-day temperature inversions that occur during some winters, locally-emitted air pollutants, particularly from the oil and gas industry, react in the atmosphere to produce ozone. While it is well known that oxides of nitrogen and organic compounds are the main precursors to ozone formation, significant gaps exist in understanding of the sources and composition of organics emitted from various oil and gas-related sources. Better understanding of organic compound emissions will allow regulators and industry to make better decisions to reduce ozone-forming pollution to protect the health of residents and workers in the Uintah Basin.
During the winter of 2018-2019, we are deploying 14 remote measurement stations that collect air samples in silonite-coated canisters (for non-methane hydrocarbons and light alcohols) and on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated sorbent cartridges (for carbonyls). We are analyzing the canister and cartridge samples in our laboratory via gas and liquid chromatography, respectively, to determine concentrations of a suite of 76 organic compounds, all of which are known to be involved in the formation of wintertime ozone in the Uintah Basin. We position these stations in different configurations around the Basin to characterize certain facility types and to characterize organic compound concentrations across the entire Basin. For this presentation, we will use meteorological data and trajectory modeling to determine how facilities in the vicinity of our measurement stations impacted ambient organic compound concentrations and speciation. Later in 2019-20, we will use the 2014 Utah Air Agencies Oil and Gas Emissions Inventory with a three-dimensional photochemical model (WRF-CMAQ) to simulate air concentrations of the measured compounds. We will compare modeled and measured results to determine how well the inventory and model simulate actual ozone precursor concentrations.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Continuing Project Atmosniffer
Craig, Michael W. ; Valle, Hugo E. (Weber State University)
Faculty Advisor: Valle, Hugo (Weber State University, Computer Science)
Project atmosniffer has provided me a unique opportunity to work with existing code, updating and maintaining both software and hardware.
Project atmosniffer's purpose is to develop a scientific and comercial air-quality monitoring and recording tool. This project has undergone many transformations over the years since its birth and is continuing to be improved during the period of my contributions.
Most of the learning and developing was self-driven with guidance and learning tools provided by Dr. Valle and the university (pluralsight). The atmosniffer has changed much of its hardware, using a new microprocesser, a new gas board, a new OLED screen, and new drivers. Learning to code to hardware, update legacy code, and reading/coding how each module communicates with each other has been very fascinating.
More details covering the development of Project Atmosniffer will be presented.
Faculty Advisor: Valle, Hugo (Weber State University, Computer Science)
Project atmosniffer has provided me a unique opportunity to work with existing code, updating and maintaining both software and hardware.
Project atmosniffer's purpose is to develop a scientific and comercial air-quality monitoring and recording tool. This project has undergone many transformations over the years since its birth and is continuing to be improved during the period of my contributions.
Most of the learning and developing was self-driven with guidance and learning tools provided by Dr. Valle and the university (pluralsight). The atmosniffer has changed much of its hardware, using a new microprocesser, a new gas board, a new OLED screen, and new drivers. Learning to code to hardware, update legacy code, and reading/coding how each module communicates with each other has been very fascinating.
More details covering the development of Project Atmosniffer will be presented.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
PTSD Levels and Trauma Type Differences between Genders in Veterans Enrolled in Postsecondary Education
Chevrier, Amy; Hinkson, Kent; Brooks, Malisa; Bryan, Craig (Utah Valley University)
Faculty Advisor: Hinkson, Kent (Utah Valley University, Behavioral Science)
According to the National Center for PTSD, approximately 8% of the US population will experience PTSD in their lives. An average of 10% of women, compared to 4% of men, will suffer from PTSD in their lifetime. Those struggling with PTSD have difficulty sleeping, irritability, trauma-related nightmares, often avoid leaving their house, and several other adverse symptoms. Certain populations appear to experience more trauma, and thus endorse higher rates of PTSD. Among veterans, the rates of PTSD are significantly higher, with upwards of 18-30% of veterans meeting criteria for PTSD. Some studies have found more than 45% of student veterans with likely PTSD. While research has shown that there is a relationship between trauma type and prevalence of PTSD, as well as shown differences between men and women, this information is not available for student veterans. This study sought to answer if there is a difference in the severity level of PTSD and the type of trauma a person experienced and their gender. Student veterans (n=348) from across the country participated in this study. The results generally showed no significant difference in the severity or prevalence scores across trauma types. However, among those who experienced sexual assault, there were some interesting findings across genders. Men who reported being sexually assaulted endorsed more intrusion symptoms than women, along with more severe alterations to cognition and mood, while 57.14% percent of women (36.14% of men) endorsed full PTSD symptoms after a sexual assault. However, more men (96.39%) screened like for major depressive disorder after a sexual assault than women (73.68%). These results illustrate differences across gender in processing sexual assault and provide insight into potential considerations for treatment.
Faculty Advisor: Hinkson, Kent (Utah Valley University, Behavioral Science)
According to the National Center for PTSD, approximately 8% of the US population will experience PTSD in their lives. An average of 10% of women, compared to 4% of men, will suffer from PTSD in their lifetime. Those struggling with PTSD have difficulty sleeping, irritability, trauma-related nightmares, often avoid leaving their house, and several other adverse symptoms. Certain populations appear to experience more trauma, and thus endorse higher rates of PTSD. Among veterans, the rates of PTSD are significantly higher, with upwards of 18-30% of veterans meeting criteria for PTSD. Some studies have found more than 45% of student veterans with likely PTSD. While research has shown that there is a relationship between trauma type and prevalence of PTSD, as well as shown differences between men and women, this information is not available for student veterans. This study sought to answer if there is a difference in the severity level of PTSD and the type of trauma a person experienced and their gender. Student veterans (n=348) from across the country participated in this study. The results generally showed no significant difference in the severity or prevalence scores across trauma types. However, among those who experienced sexual assault, there were some interesting findings across genders. Men who reported being sexually assaulted endorsed more intrusion symptoms than women, along with more severe alterations to cognition and mood, while 57.14% percent of women (36.14% of men) endorsed full PTSD symptoms after a sexual assault. However, more men (96.39%) screened like for major depressive disorder after a sexual assault than women (73.68%). These results illustrate differences across gender in processing sexual assault and provide insight into potential considerations for treatment.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Perceived Barriers of LGBTQ College Students Achieving their Career Goals
Harley Cragun, Kacy Craig, Josh Parmenter, Renee Galliher, Ryan Berke (Utah State University)
Faculty Advisor: Berke, Ryan (College of Engineering, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department); Galliher, Renee (Emma Eccles Jones College of Education & Human Services, Psychology Department)
LGBTQ+ college students are a minority group of people who face the emerging challenges of adulthood and career decision making, as well as the unique challenge of navigating a minority sexual or gender identity. To fill the gaps in literature about the relationship between career development and decision making and identity development, over 400 LGBTQ+ college students of all disciplines from across the United States were surveyed. As part of a larger survey, students provided responses to the following open-ended question — "Please describe any barriers you perceive that might prevent you from achieving your career goals." Engineering has historically been dominated by white, heterosexual males, possibly leading to unique sexual identity and career development experiences of LGBTQ Engineering students. Initial analysis identified 5 main themes of all responses, including health, discrimination, resources, technical skills and emotional ability. Further analysis will be done to compare the reported barriers of Engineering majors to all majors. (We are recruiting for a second round of surveys. If you are an LGBTQ Engineering student, please visit www.berkelab.com/lgbtq.)
Faculty Advisor: Berke, Ryan (College of Engineering, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department); Galliher, Renee (Emma Eccles Jones College of Education & Human Services, Psychology Department)
LGBTQ+ college students are a minority group of people who face the emerging challenges of adulthood and career decision making, as well as the unique challenge of navigating a minority sexual or gender identity. To fill the gaps in literature about the relationship between career development and decision making and identity development, over 400 LGBTQ+ college students of all disciplines from across the United States were surveyed. As part of a larger survey, students provided responses to the following open-ended question — "Please describe any barriers you perceive that might prevent you from achieving your career goals." Engineering has historically been dominated by white, heterosexual males, possibly leading to unique sexual identity and career development experiences of LGBTQ Engineering students. Initial analysis identified 5 main themes of all responses, including health, discrimination, resources, technical skills and emotional ability. Further analysis will be done to compare the reported barriers of Engineering majors to all majors. (We are recruiting for a second round of surveys. If you are an LGBTQ Engineering student, please visit www.berkelab.com/lgbtq.)
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Perception of Stakeholder on Impacts of Oil and Gas Industry in Ute Tribe
Tapoof, Koralene; Soyer, Mehmet (Utah State University)
Faculty Advisor: Soyer, Mehmet (College of Humanities and Social Sciences; Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department)
With the increased development of natural gas in the United States, the northeastern part of Utah lies an area called the "Energy Hub" of the Uintah Basin. The estimated acreage is about five million acres, which 53 percent is controlled by the federal government. It is rich in tight sands and shale gas and has brought about recent gas exploration and development making this area in the Uintah and Duchesne counties of the Uintah Basin the largest oil and natural gas producing in the state of Utah. The purpose of this research is to examine how residents perceive the impacts of Oil and Gas developments in Ute Tribe Reservation. This proposed research will fill the gap in the literature regarding residents' perceptions on the impacts of hydraulic fracturing in Native Indian Reservation. We also explore the perceptions of Ute Tribe members on social, environmental, and health impacts of Oil and Gas Industry. Participants will be a minimum of 20 individuals who live in Ute Tribe Reservation, Fort Duchesne. The interviews will be in-depth and semi-structured. This study will be qualitative and exploratory. NVIVO 12 Qualitative software will be used to analyze collected data.
Faculty Advisor: Soyer, Mehmet (College of Humanities and Social Sciences; Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology Department)
With the increased development of natural gas in the United States, the northeastern part of Utah lies an area called the "Energy Hub" of the Uintah Basin. The estimated acreage is about five million acres, which 53 percent is controlled by the federal government. It is rich in tight sands and shale gas and has brought about recent gas exploration and development making this area in the Uintah and Duchesne counties of the Uintah Basin the largest oil and natural gas producing in the state of Utah. The purpose of this research is to examine how residents perceive the impacts of Oil and Gas developments in Ute Tribe Reservation. This proposed research will fill the gap in the literature regarding residents' perceptions on the impacts of hydraulic fracturing in Native Indian Reservation. We also explore the perceptions of Ute Tribe members on social, environmental, and health impacts of Oil and Gas Industry. Participants will be a minimum of 20 individuals who live in Ute Tribe Reservation, Fort Duchesne. The interviews will be in-depth and semi-structured. This study will be qualitative and exploratory. NVIVO 12 Qualitative software will be used to analyze collected data.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Sex & Gender Attributes in Rock Art in Six Counties in Utah
Shipley, Samantha (Weber State University)
Faculty Advisor: Stevenson, Dr. Mark (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology); Arkush, Dr. Brooke (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology); Yoder, Dr. David (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology)
This study evaluates the ways that gender and women's roles are interpreted in Utah rock art. Over 750 rock art images in the following six counties in Utah were evaluated: Box Elder (47 images), Carbon (488 images), Juab (16 images), Millard (100 images), Tooele (33 images), and Utah (73 images). Along with a review of relevant literature, the study drew on rock art site forms to review any indication of sex/gender attributes. Though some rock art can be more easily interpreted, most is open to interpretation and requires extensive knowledge on the culture and ethnographic analysis. There were not many panels that displayed gender attributes. However, we cannot be sure that anthropomorphic figures did not represent both males and females. Though some rock art motifs can be more easily interpreted, most require extensive knowledge on the culture and ethnographic analysis to reach a probable conclusion. Identifying sex and gender within rock art motifs can be difficult without understanding the cultural construction as we oftentimes have biases and cultural assumptions of our own. Understanding social roles in native Utahn populations is beneficial for furthering anthropological research in the area.
Faculty Advisor: Stevenson, Dr. Mark (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology); Arkush, Dr. Brooke (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology); Yoder, Dr. David (Social & Behavioral Sciences, Sociology & Anthropology)
This study evaluates the ways that gender and women's roles are interpreted in Utah rock art. Over 750 rock art images in the following six counties in Utah were evaluated: Box Elder (47 images), Carbon (488 images), Juab (16 images), Millard (100 images), Tooele (33 images), and Utah (73 images). Along with a review of relevant literature, the study drew on rock art site forms to review any indication of sex/gender attributes. Though some rock art can be more easily interpreted, most is open to interpretation and requires extensive knowledge on the culture and ethnographic analysis. There were not many panels that displayed gender attributes. However, we cannot be sure that anthropomorphic figures did not represent both males and females. Though some rock art motifs can be more easily interpreted, most require extensive knowledge on the culture and ethnographic analysis to reach a probable conclusion. Identifying sex and gender within rock art motifs can be difficult without understanding the cultural construction as we oftentimes have biases and cultural assumptions of our own. Understanding social roles in native Utahn populations is beneficial for furthering anthropological research in the area.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Perceived Academic Self-Efficacy and Language
Chavez Marin, Yazmin; Ellis, Lesa (Westminster College)
Faculty Advisor: Ellis, Lesa (Westminster College, Neuroscience)
Several schools and workplaces have implemented a "speak-English-only" policy that tends to develop into a hostile environment. At times these policies involve students or workers being disciplined for speaking just a few words in a non-English language while at work or during personal time. In short, these policies tend to create an environment that involves publicly commenting on a person's use of their primary language in a negative way. Keeping in mind that language aids in connecting and solidifying elements of identity and social connections, I ask how bilinguals in these situations view themselves when they are speaking in English, or a non-English language (Spanish-speakers in particular). In this experiment, we analyzed if bilingual (English and Spanish) have an internalize biased depending on what language they are using in academic settings. In this experiment, we will be testing what implicit biases people have when they are presented with words in Spanish or in English through an Implicit Association Test that looks at how participants pair words, positive or negative, with themselves or with others. We expect to find that people tend to respond faster when they pair Spanish words with themselves, and slower when they pair English words with themselves. This research can help expand the knowledge of how bilinguals, or multilinguals interact with their environment, and how language impacts thoughts.
Faculty Advisor: Ellis, Lesa (Westminster College, Neuroscience)
Several schools and workplaces have implemented a "speak-English-only" policy that tends to develop into a hostile environment. At times these policies involve students or workers being disciplined for speaking just a few words in a non-English language while at work or during personal time. In short, these policies tend to create an environment that involves publicly commenting on a person's use of their primary language in a negative way. Keeping in mind that language aids in connecting and solidifying elements of identity and social connections, I ask how bilinguals in these situations view themselves when they are speaking in English, or a non-English language (Spanish-speakers in particular). In this experiment, we analyzed if bilingual (English and Spanish) have an internalize biased depending on what language they are using in academic settings. In this experiment, we will be testing what implicit biases people have when they are presented with words in Spanish or in English through an Implicit Association Test that looks at how participants pair words, positive or negative, with themselves or with others. We expect to find that people tend to respond faster when they pair Spanish words with themselves, and slower when they pair English words with themselves. This research can help expand the knowledge of how bilinguals, or multilinguals interact with their environment, and how language impacts thoughts.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Reeducation or Genocide? The Hidden Torture of Millions of Chinese Citizens
Abdulla, Munawwar; Bovingdon, Gardner; Brophy, David; Cabras, Giulia; Dillon, Michael; Friedrichs, Jorg; Hess, Steve; Holdstock, Nick; Ingram, Ruth; Langfitt, Frank; Roberts, Sean; Schluessel, Eric; Shapiro, Ari; Smith-Finley, Joanne; Torrey, Zachary; Veselic, Maja; Yuan, Zhenjie; Zang, Xiaowei; Zhang, Shawn (Brigham Young University)
Faculty Advisor: Larsen, Kirk (Family, Home, and Social Sciences; History); Schill, Steve (Family, Home, and Social Sciences; Geography)
The westernmost Chinese province of Xinjiang has in recent years become a hotbed of turmoil. The largest ethnic group in the region, the ethnically-Turkic Uyghur people, has been facing a systematic persecution by the Chinese government; most notably, this includes their forcible placement into "reeducation camps" across the province. Out of the more than eleven million Uyghurs in Xinjiang, it is estimated that up to a million are currently interned in one of these camps ("China's repression", 2018). One especially defining feature of the Uyghur people is their practice of Islam; it is said that they have traditionally practiced Islam since the 15th century, and mosques are prevalent across the cities of Xinjiang (Veselic, 2011; "Authorities in Xinjiang", 2017). The Uyghurs and religion of Islam are tied in such a tight ethnoreligious way that in this review the term Uyghur may generally be used to refer to a Uyghur Muslim in specific (Veselic, 2011). Islam, along with other defining characteristics, set the Uyghurs apart in stark contrast from the Han Chinese majority that makes up over 91% of China's total population (Zang, 2015; Roberts, 2018). In this presentation, I will look at a variety of factors that the Chinese government uses to justify the internment of the Uyghur people. I will also use ArcGIS Pro technology to examine satellite images and camp records to map the current extent of the reeducation camps, in an effort to follow what has already taken place and what the future will have in store for the Uyghur people.
Faculty Advisor: Larsen, Kirk (Family, Home, and Social Sciences; History); Schill, Steve (Family, Home, and Social Sciences; Geography)
The westernmost Chinese province of Xinjiang has in recent years become a hotbed of turmoil. The largest ethnic group in the region, the ethnically-Turkic Uyghur people, has been facing a systematic persecution by the Chinese government; most notably, this includes their forcible placement into "reeducation camps" across the province. Out of the more than eleven million Uyghurs in Xinjiang, it is estimated that up to a million are currently interned in one of these camps ("China's repression", 2018). One especially defining feature of the Uyghur people is their practice of Islam; it is said that they have traditionally practiced Islam since the 15th century, and mosques are prevalent across the cities of Xinjiang (Veselic, 2011; "Authorities in Xinjiang", 2017). The Uyghurs and religion of Islam are tied in such a tight ethnoreligious way that in this review the term Uyghur may generally be used to refer to a Uyghur Muslim in specific (Veselic, 2011). Islam, along with other defining characteristics, set the Uyghurs apart in stark contrast from the Han Chinese majority that makes up over 91% of China's total population (Zang, 2015; Roberts, 2018). In this presentation, I will look at a variety of factors that the Chinese government uses to justify the internment of the Uyghur people. I will also use ArcGIS Pro technology to examine satellite images and camp records to map the current extent of the reeducation camps, in an effort to follow what has already taken place and what the future will have in store for the Uyghur people.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Saddam Hussein's Use of Memorialism to Build Iraqi Nationalism: A Case Study on Dictatorial Regime Behavior
Allred, Madison; Otterstrom, Samuel (Brigham Young University)
Faculty Advisor: Otterstrom, Samuel(Brigham Young University, Family, Home and Social Sciences, Geography)
Over the past 20 years the behavior of dictatorial regimes have been studied in various social science fields, but so far the extension of analysis into the field of Geography has been minimal. I show that not only can Geography shed valuable light onto these issues, but it is essential to incorporate geographical findings into the global discussion of protecting the sanctity of life and promoting peace.
I aim to show how dictators use the geographic principle of memorialism and change the urban and human landscape to build nationalism in fractured states. I have narrowed the scope of my research by using the reign of Saddam Hussein as a case study. He is the perfect focus for this case study because his reign had a definitive beginning and end, his works are relatively well documented and his name is well known in academic communities as well as by the general populus. Since I want my research to make an impact and grab the attention of academia as well as policy makers, choosing a person that held the fascination of the American public for years was critical.
By examining the available data and utilizing GIS, we are able to come to conclusions of Saddam Hussein's behavior and find correlations only observable by mapping and spatially analyzing the data. My research is relevant not only to the field of Geography, but can be useful to decisions on US Foreign Policy. If it can be proven that Saddam Hussein and other similar dictators utilize memorialism, can evidence of memorialism be used as a key indicator in various foreign policy decisions? If dictators use memorialism to build nationalism, can memorialism be used preventatively in fractured states to prevent the rise of potentially bloody dictatorial regimes? The results of my research call for further action and analysis to be taken by academics and subsequent political action based upon their findings.
Faculty Advisor: Otterstrom, Samuel(Brigham Young University, Family, Home and Social Sciences, Geography)
Over the past 20 years the behavior of dictatorial regimes have been studied in various social science fields, but so far the extension of analysis into the field of Geography has been minimal. I show that not only can Geography shed valuable light onto these issues, but it is essential to incorporate geographical findings into the global discussion of protecting the sanctity of life and promoting peace.
I aim to show how dictators use the geographic principle of memorialism and change the urban and human landscape to build nationalism in fractured states. I have narrowed the scope of my research by using the reign of Saddam Hussein as a case study. He is the perfect focus for this case study because his reign had a definitive beginning and end, his works are relatively well documented and his name is well known in academic communities as well as by the general populus. Since I want my research to make an impact and grab the attention of academia as well as policy makers, choosing a person that held the fascination of the American public for years was critical.
By examining the available data and utilizing GIS, we are able to come to conclusions of Saddam Hussein's behavior and find correlations only observable by mapping and spatially analyzing the data. My research is relevant not only to the field of Geography, but can be useful to decisions on US Foreign Policy. If it can be proven that Saddam Hussein and other similar dictators utilize memorialism, can evidence of memorialism be used as a key indicator in various foreign policy decisions? If dictators use memorialism to build nationalism, can memorialism be used preventatively in fractured states to prevent the rise of potentially bloody dictatorial regimes? The results of my research call for further action and analysis to be taken by academics and subsequent political action based upon their findings.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Optimism in the Face of Transition: Scouting in Utah County
McFarlane, Amanda (Brigham Young University)
Faculty Advisor: Haug, Jordan (Brigham Young University, Anthropology); Thompson, Greg (Brigham Young University, Anthropology)
The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Church) have been partners for over hundred years, with the Church chartering Cub Scout and Boy Scout troops in each of its American congregations for their boys ages 8-11 and 12-18 respectively. Within the Utah National Parks Council (UNPC) of the BSA, the high concentration of members of the Church has led to the BSA being thought of synonymously with the Church and its involvement. In May of 2018, however, the Church announced that, starting January 1, 2020, they would no longer be chartering troops through the BSA for their male youth, leading to confusion about the role of Scouting in Utah and how it would change or if it would continue. The analysis of this ethnographic data, gathered at BSA events across Utah County and Camp Maple Dell in Payson, seeks to address the ways that Scouting has been influenced by its close relationship with the Church in the UNPC, the benefits and challenges it has presented, and how those that are highly involved in Scouting (employed by the UNPC) have been dealing with the impending transition and their optimism about having a better environment for Scouting without the direct influence of the Church.
Faculty Advisor: Haug, Jordan (Brigham Young University, Anthropology); Thompson, Greg (Brigham Young University, Anthropology)
The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Church) have been partners for over hundred years, with the Church chartering Cub Scout and Boy Scout troops in each of its American congregations for their boys ages 8-11 and 12-18 respectively. Within the Utah National Parks Council (UNPC) of the BSA, the high concentration of members of the Church has led to the BSA being thought of synonymously with the Church and its involvement. In May of 2018, however, the Church announced that, starting January 1, 2020, they would no longer be chartering troops through the BSA for their male youth, leading to confusion about the role of Scouting in Utah and how it would change or if it would continue. The analysis of this ethnographic data, gathered at BSA events across Utah County and Camp Maple Dell in Payson, seeks to address the ways that Scouting has been influenced by its close relationship with the Church in the UNPC, the benefits and challenges it has presented, and how those that are highly involved in Scouting (employed by the UNPC) have been dealing with the impending transition and their optimism about having a better environment for Scouting without the direct influence of the Church.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Patient autonomy among patients utilizing free clinic services in Utah
Alvord, Margaret; Dinehart, Claire; Holdeman, Alexis (University of Utah)
Faculty Advisor: Kamimua, Akiko (College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Sociology)
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the factors that affect levels of patient perspectives of autonomy in clinical decision making among uninsured patients utilizing a free clinic. Patient autonomy in clinical settings is important because it can lead to more successful outcomes as well as an overall increase in patient satisfaction with their health care. Uninsured primary care patients tend to experience barriers to autonomy in clinical decision making due to limited choices of health care facilities and low health literacy. However, patient autonomy among underserved populations is an under-studied topic because ensuring access to care is usually the top priority for the populations. This proposed study will fill the gap and contribute to reducing disparities in health care. Data has been collected from patients of the Maliheh Free Clinic in Salt Lake City using a self-administered survey in fall 2019. Patients who are aged 18 or older and speak English or Spanish are eligible to participate in this study. As of October 29, 2019, 254 patients participated in the survey. Preliminary results suggest that older patients and non-US born patients were more likely to believe that providers should decide (less patient autonomy). Older patients were more likely to believe that they should be informed of potential risks in treatment. These results have potential applications for free-clinics to increase patient satisfaction and informed health care decision making. Informing patients of their right to autonomy can also lead to more trusting physician-patient relationships and therefore better health care.
Faculty Advisor: Kamimua, Akiko (College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Sociology)
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the factors that affect levels of patient perspectives of autonomy in clinical decision making among uninsured patients utilizing a free clinic. Patient autonomy in clinical settings is important because it can lead to more successful outcomes as well as an overall increase in patient satisfaction with their health care. Uninsured primary care patients tend to experience barriers to autonomy in clinical decision making due to limited choices of health care facilities and low health literacy. However, patient autonomy among underserved populations is an under-studied topic because ensuring access to care is usually the top priority for the populations. This proposed study will fill the gap and contribute to reducing disparities in health care. Data has been collected from patients of the Maliheh Free Clinic in Salt Lake City using a self-administered survey in fall 2019. Patients who are aged 18 or older and speak English or Spanish are eligible to participate in this study. As of October 29, 2019, 254 patients participated in the survey. Preliminary results suggest that older patients and non-US born patients were more likely to believe that providers should decide (less patient autonomy). Older patients were more likely to believe that they should be informed of potential risks in treatment. These results have potential applications for free-clinics to increase patient satisfaction and informed health care decision making. Informing patients of their right to autonomy can also lead to more trusting physician-patient relationships and therefore better health care.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Prenatal Maternal Chronic Cortisol Concentrations and the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activation as Predictors of Newborn Neurobehavior
Brewster, Melissa; Conradt, Elisabeth. (University of Utah)
Faculty Advisor: Conradt, Elisabeth (University of Utah, Psychology)
Stress exposure in the early years of life is a public health concern since this exposure can lead to a variety of illnesses ranging from diabetes to depression. More specifically, previous research has emphasized the importance of understanding the impact of stress exposure on an infant. However, there is limited research linking in utero stress exposure to later infant development, more specifically, on newborn self-regulation and neurobehavior. We examined whether newborn neurobehavior was associated with prenatal maternal psychophysiological signs of stress. Pregnant women (N=162) during their third trimester were invited to the child adaptation and neurodevelopment (CAN) laboratory to acquire hair cortisol concentrations, baseline heart rate (HR), baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and baseline electrodermal activity (EDA) parameters: skin conductance response (SCR) and skin conductance levels (SCL). Subsequent to this visit was the hospital visit. We assessed newborns between twenty-four hours and two months of age using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) which measures the dimensions of attention and arousal. We conducted correlations and ordinary least squares regression analyses. Maternal hair cortisol levels were not significantly associated with newborn attention (r= -.026, p=.77) and arousal (r= -.077, p= .382). However, exploratory analyses demonstrated that hair hygiene may affect these results. Baseline HR was not associated with attention (r= .012, p=.879) and arousal (r= -.002, p=.979). Baseline RSA was also not associated with attention (r= -.106, p=.192) and arousal (r= .071, p= .381). Lastly, baseline SCR and SCL were not associated to newborn attention (r=-.094, p=.247; r=-.013, p=.874) and arousal (r=-.077, p=.342; r=-.12, p=.138), respectively. These results suggest that having naturally high or low psychophysiological measurements has little-to-no impact on infant well-being, as opposed to stress reactivity.
Faculty Advisor: Conradt, Elisabeth (University of Utah, Psychology)
Stress exposure in the early years of life is a public health concern since this exposure can lead to a variety of illnesses ranging from diabetes to depression. More specifically, previous research has emphasized the importance of understanding the impact of stress exposure on an infant. However, there is limited research linking in utero stress exposure to later infant development, more specifically, on newborn self-regulation and neurobehavior. We examined whether newborn neurobehavior was associated with prenatal maternal psychophysiological signs of stress. Pregnant women (N=162) during their third trimester were invited to the child adaptation and neurodevelopment (CAN) laboratory to acquire hair cortisol concentrations, baseline heart rate (HR), baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and baseline electrodermal activity (EDA) parameters: skin conductance response (SCR) and skin conductance levels (SCL). Subsequent to this visit was the hospital visit. We assessed newborns between twenty-four hours and two months of age using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) which measures the dimensions of attention and arousal. We conducted correlations and ordinary least squares regression analyses. Maternal hair cortisol levels were not significantly associated with newborn attention (r= -.026, p=.77) and arousal (r= -.077, p= .382). However, exploratory analyses demonstrated that hair hygiene may affect these results. Baseline HR was not associated with attention (r= .012, p=.879) and arousal (r= -.002, p=.979). Baseline RSA was also not associated with attention (r= -.106, p=.192) and arousal (r= .071, p= .381). Lastly, baseline SCR and SCL were not associated to newborn attention (r=-.094, p=.247; r=-.013, p=.874) and arousal (r=-.077, p=.342; r=-.12, p=.138), respectively. These results suggest that having naturally high or low psychophysiological measurements has little-to-no impact on infant well-being, as opposed to stress reactivity.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=
data-content-type="article"
Opioid Use and Abuse Among Utah Women
Bradee Goepper (Weber State University)
Faculty Advisor: Lancaster, Alexander (Weber State University, Communications)
This study is a collaboration between Ogden Civic Action Network (CAN) and the Weber State University CCEL Community Research Team, investigating opioid addiction within the Weber State community. Weber Morgan Health Department reports an increased rate of opioid overdoses within Weber County. The purpose of this study is to examine religious beliefs, mental health, and the subgroup of women ages 24-44, in terms of reported opioid use and abuse. According to data from the Weber County Health Department, the specific demographic of women ages 24-44, exhibits a higher rate of opioid abuse when compared to other demographic groups. Current research also indicates that the Utah women's opioid death rate is four points higher than the national average (Weber County Opioid Death Statistics). We can expect that the results from this study will support these previously reported trends.
"Weber County Opioid Death Statistics." LiveStories, https://www.livestories.com/statistics/utah/weber-county-opioids-deaths-mortality.
Faculty Advisor: Lancaster, Alexander (Weber State University, Communications)
This study is a collaboration between Ogden Civic Action Network (CAN) and the Weber State University CCEL Community Research Team, investigating opioid addiction within the Weber State community. Weber Morgan Health Department reports an increased rate of opioid overdoses within Weber County. The purpose of this study is to examine religious beliefs, mental health, and the subgroup of women ages 24-44, in terms of reported opioid use and abuse. According to data from the Weber County Health Department, the specific demographic of women ages 24-44, exhibits a higher rate of opioid abuse when compared to other demographic groups. Current research also indicates that the Utah women's opioid death rate is four points higher than the national average (Weber County Opioid Death Statistics). We can expect that the results from this study will support these previously reported trends.
"Weber County Opioid Death Statistics." LiveStories, https://www.livestories.com/statistics/utah/weber-county-opioids-deaths-mortality.
overrideBackgroundColorOrImage=
overrideTextColor=
promoTextAlignment=
overrideCardHideSection=
overrideCardHideByline=
overrideCardHideDescription=
overridebuttonBgColor=
overrideButtonText=
promoTextAlignment=