2018 Abstracts

Candy Roland, Dixie State University

Paul Consalvo; Amy Carmellini; Nikki Quinney; Travis Whitfield; Caleb Buahin, Utah State University

Morgan Millar; Kyl Myers; David Turok; Zoe Kozlowski; Jessica Sanders; Matt Pierce, University of Utah

Hannah Grow, Jamie Easler, Nora Evans, Brigham Young University Background: Numerous stressors are associated with parenting, and many of these stressors are intensified when the mother is the sole caregiver and provider of her family. Further stressors are experienced when children have disabilities. Single mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and single mothers of children with Down Syndrome (DS) may experience parenting differently than couples of children with ASD or DS. Aims: The present study examined differences between single mothers of children with ASD and single mothers of children with DS in the following areas: (a) socio-economic status, (b) maternal adaptation as measured by hassles, uplifts, caregiver burden, and depression, and (c) respite care. Methods: Participants were 330 non-cohabitating mothers with at least one child with ASD or DS (ASD n = 201; DS n = 129). The mothers completed a survey that asked questions pertaining to their daily lives. Results: More families with children with ASD qualified for free/reduced lunch than families with children with DS. In the areas of hassles, caregiver burden, and depression, single mothers of children with DS had lower scores, suggesting that they have an easier time caring for their children than mothers of children with ASD. In the category of uplifts, there were no significant differences between mothers of children of ASD and mothers of children with DS. Also, no significant differences existed between mothers in the survey who received respite care and mothers who did not. Conclusions: These findings suggest that although both mothers of children with DS or ASD need additional emotional support, even more support is needed for mothers of children with ASD.

Melissa Swedin, University of Utah

Sam Cook, Southern Utah University

Shay Bauman, Southern Utah University

Rachel Stoddard, Brigham Young University

Brian Allen, Brigham Young University

Sarai Holbrook; Sierra Browning; Amanda Miller; Cortney Hoffman; Natalie Johnson; Sierra Southwick, Utah State University

Madeline Peterson; Alison Barlow; Natalie Green; Madison Horrocks, Utah State University

Austin Weenig, Brigham Young University

Jake Rowley, Dixie State University

Madelaine Campbell, Brigham Young University This research looks at Britain’s release of her former colonies during the 20th century, and the motivations behind their actions. South Africa moved towards unification in 1908 with Britain’s support in the drafting of the South Africa Act and Lord Selbourne’s involvement in the National Convention. By examining original communications within the British government regarding South Africa and the parliamentary papers surrounding the South Africa Act the British motivation towards its former colonies becomes apparent. In this case study of South Africa’s movement towards independence, we see that Britain wanted to give as much control to the South African delegates as possible without relinquishing their hold on the natural resources and strong leadership that South Africa provided. In their quest to maintain a good relationship with South Africa, Britain overlooked some of the damaging decisions made by the South African leaders which led to racial and class conflict in South Africa later, during the rest of the 20th century.

Steiner Houston; Carrie Stone; Eric Young, Weber State University

A majority of the population in North America endorses religious/spiritual beliefs, with the highest levels of endorsement occurring among ethnic minority groups. Despite this important cultural trend, previous psychological research looking at religion and psychological well-being has been focused on White (European American) populations. There is a growing need to further understand the psychological effects of religiosity among minority groups. Given that ethnic minorities are also at an elevated risk of suffering from mental illness, it is in the best interest of both patients and providers to note any factors that may serve as therapeutic support. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the relationship between religious or spiritual beliefs and psychological well-being. We also hypothesized that a number of moderating factors will be revealed through our data analysis. Through our intensive literature review we extracted data from 120 research studies which reported 42,972 individuals’ psychological well-being as a function of their self-reported religiosity/spirituality. Inclusion criteria were studies from 1980 to 2008 that reported correlational data on constructs of religiosity (religious activities and spiritual beliefs) with constructs of mental health, conducted in North America, with populations that self-identified as being racial, ethnic, or cultural minorities. Retrieved studies were coded twice and verified for accuracy. The modal study involved cross-sectional (correlational) data obtained by convenience sampling from community samples of middle-aged adults. All age groups except children were adequately represented in the literature. Notably, most studies (78%) reported African American participants. On average, across all types of measures of well-being, the random effects weighted correlation with participant religiosity/spirituality was .14 (se = .01, 95% CI = .12 to .16, p < .0001). These results show low to moderate correlations between religion/spirituality and mental health among ethnic minority groups. The range of correlations was from -.11 to .55. These associations held up across racial groups. The association was stronger among older populations and samples with greater percentages of female participants. Mental health professionals need to consider client beliefs when providing treatment. Research may need to further assess the degree to which religion and spirituality affect positive psychological functions rather than distress. Likewise, the nature of psychopathology may be such that it alters the very construct of religion that we were attempting to assess. Formulating an empirical basis for these relationships constitutes a major step forward in the implementation of validated spiritually adapted interventions in mental health care for ethnic minorities.

Heidi Herrera, Brigham Young University Remarkable in both subject and execution, Los Desastres de la Guerra (Disasters of War) is exceptional in Goya’s oeuvre and in artistic representations of wartime rape. Filled with scenes illustrating the consequences and violence of war, Goya offers an insightful yet ambiguous commentary, particularly in the plates in which rape is presented as a first-hand account; plate 9, No quieren—“They don’t want it”—, plate 10, Tampoco—“Nor do these”— and plate 11, Ni por ésas—“Nor those.” Indicting the French soldiers for the rape of women during the French occupation, the Disasters of War offers offering a brutal and deceptively truthful view on the inevitable and horrible consequences which war and looting wage on women, transforming both viewer and artist into witnesses of the gruesome scenes, implicating both as detached, though unwitting, participants in the sexual violence enacted against these women; the artist in his creation of these rapes and the viewers in their reception of the images. By making the viewer a first-hand witness to these rape scenes, Goya accomplishes greater empathy for the women than other artistic portrayals of rape, however, he also unintentionally sheds a spotlight on the callousness of the viewer, and by extension, the artist himself. Both created and publicly received my men, the scenes of sexual violence shown in plates 9-11 display and discuss the rape of women as a means to an end in which the lives and suffering of these women, fictional or real, are periphery to what acts of sexual violence say about the men who wage war. Although art historians and critics today may consider the beauty of the plate’s compositions, is it at all possible for scenes which portray violence against women, as in the Disasters of War, to be considered beautiful? I would like to address how these images were received when The Disasters of War was released in 1863, considering the plate’s reception by contemporaneous art critics such Enrique Mélida within the context of how rape was understood in the nineteenth century. By comparing They don’t want it, Nor do these, and Nor those to portrayals of rape by Goya and other nineteenth-century artists, in addition to portrayals of rape by female artists, I hope to clarify where Goya’s rape scenes reside on a spectrum of artistic representations of rape, ranging from exploitative to empathetic.

Rod Dutra, Brigham Young University

Alexis Taylor, Southern Utah University

Jensen Roper, Brigham Young University

Anna Nielsen, Brigham Young University

Taylor Ball, Brigham Young University

Kolton Pierson, Southern Utah University My research paper deals with the author Jose de Larra in Spain during the Romantic Period. The author is relevant to this period, because of the critiques he makes about the Spanish society and their ways of living. Specifically my research analyzes Larra’s critiques about Spain’s limiting traditions, how Spain rejects new and innovative ideas, and about how Spain has no desire to progress. I also would like to research how Larra’s personal life influenced in his works. Larra lived in France for a large part of his life, and thus had many new ideas that he wanted to bring to Spain. However, the majority of those living in Spain at the time, rejected his ideas, because of their traditions. The primary sources to conduct this research are going to be two of Larra’s most famous works namely, “Vuelva usted ma̱ana” y “El dÌ_a de difuntos de 1836.” In addition, I will use scholarly journals and book chapters relevant to my project. This presentation will be conducted in Spanish, because this is a project completed for one of my upper-level Spanish courses. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that the vital force of writers differed from that of the general Spanish society during the Romantic Period. In this period, Spain was in a heated contradiction while trying to decide if it was better to open up to the innovative ideas of Europe, especially France and England, or to enclose itself in its own traditions. This research is significant to the literary field, because it shows how many intelligent thinkers of the time had ideas that could really benefit the general public, but out of fear, tradition, or some other motives, the ideas were rejected and forgotten.

Claralyn Burt, Brigham Young University

Kylan Rutherford, Brigham Young University

Josee Hildebrandt, Dixie State University

Brayden Jackman, Southern Utah University An analysis is made which seeks to identify the ways in which authors utilize symbols in their writing to convey specific messages. Particularly, it discusses how these messages and the use of symbols may vary and why. Two theatrical works are identified as the basis of this study. The first is entitled El si de las ni̱as and is written by Leandro MoratÌ_n. The second is Don Juan Tenorio and was written by JosÌ© Zorrilla. Both of these authors are Spanish and the two works were written within a few decades of each other. However, these authors pertain to different cultural and literary movements. Leandro MoratÌ_n, is a neoclassical author, while JosÌ© Zorrilla, is a romantic author. Due to the nature of the material used and the field of study, the paper is written in Spanish. It first gives a brief overview of the cultural ideas that were circulating at the time that both of the previously mentioned authors were actively writing. It later identifies key characteristics in literature of their respective movements, giving examples of how they are used within the text. It then identifies the use of specific symbols, light and darkness, within each of the two works, and discusses how the authorå«s use of them impacts the message that they are conveying. The conclusion is then made that the placement of symbols within the context of a story is key. Symbols evoke emotions, which can subtly emphasize key points that the author tries to make while simultaneously helping the audience to better connect with them.

Davis Agle, Brigham Young University In this paper, I propose that the British goals in releasing Egypt from protectorate status and granting them independence was less due to goodwill and constitution, but financial and strategic reasons. The goal the British had in mind was to preserve their access to the Suez Canal, and the major financial revenue it produced, while minimizing both risk of rebellion from the ruling populace (such as was seen with Ireland) and allowing the Egyptian government to exercise self-rule, which would further lower expenses as they would no longer need to keep as many troops stationed to maintain order and control. The negotiations and design of the Egyptian Government were largely conducted by the chosen committee of Egyptian Officials with input and direction from the British Government, whose hand in their design was largely to ensure good relationships between Egypt and the British Empire, and that the British retained largely exclusive rights to resources. Inevitably, the discrepancies between the British Empire’s goals and the resulting government caused the constitution to be replaced only 7 years later.

Stanley Siebersma, Weber State University

Morrigan DeVito, Southern Utah University

Arianna Reay; Aubrie Taylor, Brigham Young University

Mitchell Merrill, Brigham Young University

Alexander Mitchell, Dixie State University

Alexis Elinkowski, Weber State University

Joseph Hartle, University of Utah

Spencer Kendell, University of Utah

Megan Shaw, University of Utah

Parker Howe; Adriana Vieira De Abreu; Rahul Agrawal, University of Utah

Annalyse Kofoed, Utah Valley University

Title: The Fox Anger Inventory: A New Way to Measure State Anger Author: Logan Ashworth, Mentor: Michelle Grimes Affiliation: Southern Utah University Poster Presentation Introduction Tests that purport to measure anger most often measure trait anger as opposed to state anger. There are few measures of state anger available in the public domain. The purpose of the current study was to construct a new measure of state anger, the Fox Anger Inventory (FAI), which records state anger by presenting respondents with a series of items that include emotionally-valenced words as response options. The words chosen for the FAI were taken from the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) database (Bradley & Lang, 2017). We hypothesize the FAI will demonstrate adequate internal consistency and construct validity. This project is currently in the IRB approval process, data collection is projected to be complete by December, 2017. Methods Approximately 60 participants will be recruited from Southern Utah University PSY 1010 classes. Participants complete the FAI and the the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2; Spielberger, 1988). The order of completion will be chosen at random. Participants will receive course credit in their PSY 1010 class for completing the survey. Results We predict the FAI will demonstrate internal consistency with cronbach’s alpha estimates of .80 or higher. Further, we predict the FAI will demonstrate construct validity through a positively correlated to the STAXI-2. Conclusion If our hypothesis is supported, this will provide evidence that the FAI is a reliable and valid measure of state anger. Specifically, adequate internal consistency estimates will provide evidence of reliability. A strong positive correlation between the FAI and the STAXI-2 will indicate construct validity. If our hypothesis is not supported our measure will not be a viable tool to measure state anger. Implications for the project, as well as future directions will be discussed.

Tatum Smith, Utah Valley University

Dylan Wootton, University of Utah

Kelsey Bennion, Brigham Young University

Tess Armbrust; Canyon Neal; Ashli Hunter; Forest Eddy; Sumira Phatak; Korry Hintze, Utah State University

Logan Ashworth, Southern Utah University

Jeffrey Zhao, Brigham Young University

Ryker Hacking, Utah State University

Ashley Markham; Lindsey Friend; Ryan Williamson; Collin Merrill; Scott Newton, Brigham Young University

Kaden Parks, Utah Valley University

Thomas Burton, Utah Valley University